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BIO 152 > Summary of Brain Organization > Flashcards

Summary of Brain Organization Flashcards

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS NOTHING TO BE NERVOUS ABOUT, YOU GOT THIS

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the BRAIN?

A

1) CEREBRUM
2) DIANCEPHALON
3) BRAINSTEM
4) CEREBELLUM

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2
Q

What are the 2 hemispheres of the CEREBRUM?

A

1) Left hemisphere

2) Right hemisphere

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3
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the CEREBRUM?

A

1) FRONTAL LOBE
2) PARIETAL LOBE
3) OCCIPITAL LOBE
4) TEMPORAL LOBE
5) INSULA (can’t be seen from the outside)

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the CEREBRUM?

A

1) CEREBRAL CORTEX
2) WHITE MATTER
3) BASAL NUCLEI

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the DIANCEPHALON?

A

1) THALAMUS
2) HYPOTHALAMUS
3) EPITHALAMUS

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the BRAINSTEM?

A

1) MIDBRAIN
2) PONS
3) MEDULLA OBLONGATA

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7
Q

How can the CEREBRUM be divided?

A

In half, into lobes, or into 3 layers

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8
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the CEREBRUM mainly control?

A

It controls the movement of the right side of the body, and more academic things such as language, math, logic, speech, etc.

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9
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the CEREBRUM control?

A

it controls the movement of the left side of the body, and more “fluffy” things such as creativity, intuition, emotion, artistic ability, etc.

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10
Q

What does the term “controlateral control” mean?

A

It means that the right hemi controls the left side of the body and vice versa

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11
Q

What is the fissure dividing the 2 hemi’s called?

A

The LONGITUDINAL FISSURE

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12
Q

What are the grooves in the surface of the CEREBRUM called?

A

SULCUS (s) or SULCI (pl)

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13
Q

What are the ridges in the surface of the CEREBRUM called?

A

GYRUS (s) or GYRI (pl)

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14
Q

What is the function of the LATERAL SULCUS?

A

It outlines the TEMPORAL LOBE

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15
Q

What is the function of the CENTRAL SULCUS?

A

It separates the FRONTAL and PARIETAL LOBES

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16
Q

What is the function of the TRANSVERSE FISSURE?

A

It separates the CEREBRUM and the CEREBELLUM

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17
Q

What is the CEREBRAL CORTEX made of? Approximately how thick is it?

A

SUPERFICIAL GREY MATTER - DENDRITES, SOMA, UNMYELINATED AXONS. 2-4 mm thick

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18
Q

What part of the BRAIN make up 40% of total BRAIN mass?

A

The CEREBRAL CORTEX

19
Q

Which part of the CEREBRAL CORTEX is responsible for hearing?

A

Haven’t ya heard? It’s the PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX

20
Q

What does the AUDITORY ASSOCIATION AREA in the CEREBRAL CORTEX do?

A

It is responsible for integrating info, understanding what we’re hearing.

21
Q

What is the role of the PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX? Where is it found?

A

It controls precise voluntary movement and is found in the PRECENTRAL GYRUS

22
Q

What is the role of the PREMOTOR CORTEX (also known as the MOTOR ASSOCIATION AREA)?

A

It controls learned/patterned skills

e.g. typing, dancing, speaking

23
Q

What is the role of the PREFRONTAL CORTEX?

A

It controls intellect, personality, complex learning, planning, judgement, reasoning, analysis (it develops slowly)

24
Q

What is the role of the BROCA’S AREA?

A

It plans and programs MOTOR CORTEX for speech

25
Q

What is the role of the PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX? Where is it found?

A

It receives info from skin and muscle, can identify regions of the body that are stimulated, most sensitive area = largest area of CORTEX. Located in the POSTCENTRAL GYRUS

26
Q

What is the role of the SOMATOSENSORY ASSOCIATION AREA?

A

It integrates sensory input and gives understanding

e.g. knowing the difference between coins and your keys by just touch

27
Q

What is the role of the PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX?

A

It receives visual info

28
Q

What is the role of the VISUAL ASSOCIATION AREA?

A

It integrates color, form, movement, etc. also recognition and understanding what youre seeing

29
Q

What is the role of WERNICKE’S AREA?

A

It interprets the meaning of speech

30
Q

Name 3 types of myelinated fibers in large tracts

A

1) ASSOCIATION FIBERS
2) COMMISSURAL FIBERS
3) PROJECTION FIBERS

31
Q

Which type of WHITE MATTER connects different parts of the same hemisphere?

A

ASSOCIATION FIBERS

32
Q

Which type of WHITE MATTER connects corresponding areas of 2 hemispheres? (the largest = the CORPUS CALLOSUM)

A

COMMISSURAL FIBERS

33
Q

Which type of WHITE MATTER connects the CORTEX to the rest of the nervous system? (runs vertically)

A

PROJECTION FIBERS

34
Q

Explain BASAL NUCLEI

A

They are a collection of nerve cell bodies and they influence motor control
e.g. starting, stopping, intensity

35
Q

Where is the DIANCEPHALON (aka “head of the seahorse” found?

A

Its found deep to the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

36
Q

What does the THALAMUS (aka the main head of the seahorse” do?

A
  • It receives all sensory info (integrate, filters in, and relays some to the CORTEX)
  • general feeling of (un)pleasantness
  • mediates sensation, motor activities, learning, memory
37
Q

The HYPOTHALAMUS (aka “snout of the seahorse”) detects, then activates mechanisms that regulate:

A
  • ANS (cardiac and smooth muscle, glands)
  • Emotions (fear, anger, pleasure, sex drive, etc.)
  • Body temp. (sweating and shivering)
  • Food intake (feelings of hunger or satiety)
  • Water balance (thirst, water retention)
  • Sleep/wake cycles
  • Endocrine system (produce hormones and control secretion of other hormones
38
Q

What is the function of the EPITHALAMUS (aka “mane of the seahorse)?

A

contains the

  • CHOROID PLEXUS = capillary network involved in CSF formation
  • PINEAL GLAND = small endocrine gland that secretes melatonin which regulates sleep cycle and mood.
39
Q

What is the CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA?

A

It is 4 raised bodies on the dorsal surface of the MIDBRAIN

40
Q

What reflexes does the SUPERIOR COLLICULI control?

A

It controls visual reflexes

e.g. tracking a moving object

41
Q

What reflexes does the INFERIOR COLLICULI control?

A

it controls auditory reflexes

e.g. being startled by something, jump scares, etc.

42
Q

What does the MIDBRAIN do?

A
  • (WHITE) it coordinates and relays info between CEREBRUM and CEREBELLUM
  • (GREY) substantia nigra - inhibits THALAMUS and BASAL NUCLEI to prevent unwanted movement (degeneration of neurons = Parkinson’s tremors
43
Q

What does the PONS (aka the “belly of the seahorse” do?

A
  • (WHITE) connects CEREBELLUM to the rest of the CNS

- (GREY) respiratory centers - controls and modifies breathing rhythms

44
Q

What does the MEDULLA OBLONGATA (aka “tail of the seahorse” do?

Be prepared…its a lot…

A
  • Blends into SPINAL CORD
  • Relays and integrates sensory info from ascending tracts
  • motor tracts relay commands
    - decussation of the pyramids = 85% of tracts
    cross over here
    - allows contralateral control
  • autonomic reflex centers
    - cardiovascular center - regulates force of
    contraction and BP
    - respiratory rhythm center - sets rate and depth
    of breathing
    - other centers e.g. vomiting, sneezing,
    swallowing, coughing

BIO 152 (26 decks)

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