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BIO 152 > Neural Tissue > Flashcards

Neural Tissue Flashcards

I HATE NEURAL TISSUE

1
Q

3 special characteristics of NEURAL TISSUE

A

1 ) long lived

2) amitotic
3) high metabolic rate

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2
Q

Structure of NEURAL TISSUE (3 parts)

A

1) Dendrites
2) Cell body (soma)
3) Axons

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3
Q

Things to know about DENDRITES

A
  • DENDRITES are highly branched processes that retrieve info.
  • Their DENDRITIC SPINES increase the surface area to receive more info.
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4
Q

Things to know about the CELL BODY aka SOMA

A
  • They are large in order to produce NEUROTRANSMITTERS (NT)
  • Clusters of CELL BODIES in CNS are called NUCLEUS (pl)
  • Clusters of CELL BODIES in PNS are called GANGLION (pl) or GANGLIA (s)
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5
Q

Things to know about AXONS

A
  • length varies
  • may be myelinated to increase speed of impulse transition
  • may have collateral branches = side branches
  • has 1000s of terminal branches
  • SYNAPTIC KNOBS at end hold vesicles filled w/ NT
  • bundles of AXONS in CNS are called tract
  • bundles of AXONS in PNS are called nerves
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6
Q

AXONS are wrapped in these 3 connective tissues…

A

…EDONEURIUM which cover single AXONS and capillaries, PERINEURIUM which covers nerve fascicles (has arteries and veins), and EPINEURIUM which covers multiple nerve fascicles and the blood vessel surrounding.

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7
Q

Types of NEURONS classified by structure (4)

A

1) MULTIPOLAR
2) BIPOLAR
3) UNIPOLAR
4) ANAXONIC

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8
Q

Thangs to know about MULTIPOLAR NEURONS

A
  • they have many DENDRITES, 1 long AXON

- most common in CNS, all MOTOR NEURONS

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9
Q

Thangs to know about BIPOLAR NEURONS

A
  • they have 1 DENDRITE and 1 AXON

- rare, special sense organs

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10
Q

Thangs to know about UNIPOLAR NEURONS

A
  • DENDRITES continuous w/ AXON
  • SENSORY NEURONS in PNS
  • CELL BODY in dorsal root ganglia
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11
Q

Thangs to know about ANAXONIC NEURONS

A
  • can’t distinguish DENDRITES, AXONS
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12
Q

Types of NEURONS classified by function (3)

A

1) SENSORY (afferent) NEURONS
2) INTERNEURONS
3) MOTOR (efferent) NEURONS

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13
Q

Things to know about SENSORY (afferent) NEURONS

A
  • Mostly UNIPOLAR, some BIPOLAR
  • Carry info from sensory organs/receptor to CNS
  • e.g. EXTEROCEPTORS - outside info (touch/sight/temp)
  • e.g. INTEROCEPTORS - monitor internal organs
  • e.g. PROPRIOCEPTORS - monitor muscle and joint position
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14
Q

Things to know aboot (canadian eh?) INTERNEURONS

A
  • Mostly MULTI
  • Between SENSORY and MOTOR NEURONS
  • Integrate info
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15
Q

Things to know about MOTOR (efferent) NEURONS

A
  • All MULTI with CELL BODIES in CNS

- Carry info to muscles and glands

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16
Q

Can NEURONS be SENSORY and EXTEROCEPTORS?

17
Q

Can NEURONS be SENSORY and UNIPOLAR?

18
Q

Can NEURONS be INTERNEURONS and PROPRIOCEPTORS?

A

No way Jose

19
Q

Can NEURONS be INTERNEURONS and MULTIPOLAR?

20
Q

Can NEURONS be MOTOR and MULTIPOLAR?

21
Q

What are NEUROGLIA?

A

They are smaller than NEURONS but outnumber them 10:1. CNS tumours arise from uncontrolled division of NEUROGLIA

22
Q

4 types of NEUROGLIA in CNS

A

1) ASTROCYTES
2) MICROGLIA
3) OLIGODENDROCYTES
4) EPENDYMAL CELLS

23
Q

Things to know about ASTROCYTES

A
  • most common
  • star-shaped
  • create a supportive network for NEURONS
  • recycle NT
  • guide neuronal migration in embryo
  • surround capillary to maintain blood-brain barrier
  • control transport of material into interstitial fluid
24
Q

Things to know ‘bout MICROGLIA

A

They are small cells w/ “thorny” processes. They also defend and remove debris (no WBC in CNS)

25
Q

Things to know about OLIGODENDROCYTES

A

Their processes wrap around portions of multiple CNS AXONS. They myelinate/insulate AXONS to increase speed of ACTION POTENTIAL (AP).

Also their name is stupidly long.
:(

26
Q

Things to know about EPENDYMAL CELLS

A
  • Ciliated cells joined by tight junctions
  • Line ventricle of the brain and central canal of the spinal chord
  • Produce, monitor, and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
27
Q

2 types of NEUROGLIA in PNS

A

1) SCHWANN CELLS

2) SATELLITE CELLS

28
Q

Things to know about SCHWANN CELLS

A
  • Whole cell wraps around part of 1 AXON = myelinate AP (speeds up by 150x)
  • Many SCHWANN CELLS needed to myelinate 1 AXON
  • Adjacent SCHWANN CELLS don’t touch = gap = node of Ranvier
  • AP propagated at nodes of Ranvier
  • Demyelination results in loss of sensation, motor control, e.g. MS
  • SCHWANN CELLS also guide AXON growth during NEURON repair
29
Q

Things to know about SATELLITE CELLS

A

They surround CELL BODIES in GANGLIA and they regulate the environment around NEURONS.

BIO 152 (26 decks)

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