Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Question 1

Name some examples of FLAT BONES

Answer 1

Bones of skull, sternum, clavicle

Question 2

S & F of PERIOSTEUM

Answer 2

S - Outer layer: of DENSE IRREGULAR, continuous w/ TENDONS and LIGAMENTS = strong attachment
- Inner layer: CELLS and BLOOD VESSELS,, lay down layers of MATRIX to widen BONE
F - Covers BONE, except at joint surface

Question 3

S & F of COMPACT BONE

Answer 3

S - Thin layer around exterior
F - Adds strength, protects SPONGY BONE from chipping
S - Thick layer around MEDULLARY CAVITY
F - Provides strong support in one direction

Question 4

S & F of SPONGY BONE

Answer 4

S - Latticework of thin struts (trabeculae)

F - Reduces weight of BONE, protects MARROW, withstands pressure from different directions

Question 5

S & F of ENDOSTEUM

Answer 5

S - Delicate CT membrane
S - Lines SPONGY BONE, MEDULLARY CAVITY and CENTRAL CANALS of OSTEONS in COMPACT BONE
S - Incomplete layer of CELLS
F - BONE widening, remodeling and repair

Question 6

LONG BONES can be identified by…

Answer 6

…having a shaft and 2 ends

e.g. legs, arms, fingers, toes

Question 7

Layers of the end of a LONG BONE from superficial to deep

Answer 7

• Periosteum
• Thin COMPACT BONE
• Lots of SPONGY BONE (ENDOSTEUM, MARROW)

Question 8

Layers of the shaft of a LONG BONE from superficial to deep

Answer 8

• Periosteum
• Thick COMPACT BONE
• Thin SPONGY BONE (ENDOSTEUM, BONE MARROW)

Question 9

S & F of the EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

Answer 9

S - Cartilage growth plate

F - Allows lengthening

Question 10

S & F of the EPIPHYSEAL LINE

Answer 10

S - Cartilage turns to BONE

F - Stops lengthening

Question 11

3 things to know about the MEDULLARY CAVITY

Answer 11

1) In children it contains red MARROW
2) Lined w/ ENDOSTEUM
3) In adults it contains yellow MARROW

Question 12

S & F of ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

Answer 12

S - Made of HYALINE

F - Covers joint surface, prevents rubbing and degeneration of BONE ends