Summary Flashcards

1
Q

what neurotransmitter is excitatory and which is inhibitory?

A

excitatory = glutamate

inhibitory = GABA/glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is naloxone?

A

opiod antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which fibres are mechanical/thermal and responsible fot first response in pain?

A

Alpha/delta

(thinly myelinated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which fibres are repsonsilve for teh second response (throbbing) pain?

A

C fibres

(unmyelinated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of microglia?

A

immune defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the ascending tracts?

A

DCML

spinothalamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of DCML?

A

fine touvh

proprioception

fibres cross in medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of spinothalamic tract?

A

pain, temperature

deep pressure

fibres cross segmentally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of corticospinal tract?

A

fine, precise movement

pyramidal tract (medulla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where si teh primary motor cortex found?

A

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

problems w cervical spinal tract or cerebral hemisphre presents w what posture?

A

decorticate (flexor)

(arms like C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

problems within midbrain or pons presents with what posture?

A

decerebrate (extensor)

(arms like e)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name the basal ganglia

A

caudate

putamen

globus pallidus

ST

substantia nigrans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

frontal lobe functions

A

voluntary movement

reasoning

executive functioning

personality

inhbiton

habit learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

parietal lobe functions

A

right from left

reading/writing

body orientation

calculation

two point discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lesion in pareital lobe of dominant hemisphere results in what?

A

dysphasia

dyscalculia

dyslexia

apraxia (can’t perform compel meovemnts)

17
Q

lesion in parietal lobe of non-dominant hemisphere would result in what?

A

spatial disorientation

dressign apraxia

constructional apraxia

18
Q

function of the temproal lobe

A

understanding speech

memory

hearing

emotions

sense of identity

recognising faces

19
Q

function of occipital lobe

A

primary visual area

20
Q

neglect (spatial awareness) is result of stroke in dominant/non-domiant hemisphere?

A

non-dominant (right)

21
Q

stroke in the dominant hemisphere often affects what?

22
Q

banana shape bleed on CT is what?

A

subdural haematoma

23
Q

sudden headache, photophobia and N&V likely to be?

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

24
Q

how is subarachnoid haemorrhage investigated?

25
convex (lemon) shape bleed on CT?
extradural haemorrhage
26
injury to pterion could implicate which artery?
middle meningeal artery
27
migraine management
diary NSAIDs/Triptans in acute propanolol/topiramte prophylaxis
28
drug used in trigeminal neuralgia?
carbamazepine | (P450 inducer)
29
hemicord lesion results in?
brown-sequard syndrome ipsilateral motor loss and vibration/ proprioception loss contralateral pain and temp loss
30
descrbe central cord syndrome
loss of movement and sensation in upper limbs due to neck tramua
31
nerev assoc w colles fracture?
median nerve → carpal tunnel syndrome
32
define broca and wernicke area?
broca = speech production wernicke = speech comprehension
33
oligoclonal bands in CSF indicates what?
MS
34
huntingtons is due to CAG repeat on which chromosome?
HTT gene on chromosome 4
35
which gait is seen in parkinsons?
shiffling gait
36
causes fo meningits dependant on age?
neonates- listeria, roup B strep, E.coli children- H.influenza 10-21- meinigococcal \>21- pneumococcal \>65- listeria
37
which antibodies ae present in myasthenia gravis?
postsynaptic Ach receptor antibodies
38
managemnt of status epilepticus?
pre-hospital: diazepam, midazolam in hopsital: lorazepam (diazepam in no IV access) established: IV phenytoin