Summary Flashcards
what neurotransmitter is excitatory and which is inhibitory?
excitatory = glutamate
inhibitory = GABA/glycine
what is naloxone?
opiod antagonist
which fibres are mechanical/thermal and responsible fot first response in pain?
Alpha/delta
(thinly myelinated)
which fibres are repsonsilve for teh second response (throbbing) pain?
C fibres
(unmyelinated)
function of microglia?
immune defense
what are the ascending tracts?
DCML
spinothalamic
function of DCML?
fine touvh
proprioception
fibres cross in medulla
function of spinothalamic tract?
pain, temperature
deep pressure
fibres cross segmentally
function of corticospinal tract?
fine, precise movement
pyramidal tract (medulla)
where si teh primary motor cortex found?
frontal lobe
problems w cervical spinal tract or cerebral hemisphre presents w what posture?
decorticate (flexor)
(arms like C)
problems within midbrain or pons presents with what posture?
decerebrate (extensor)
(arms like e)
name the basal ganglia
caudate
putamen
globus pallidus
ST
substantia nigrans
frontal lobe functions
voluntary movement
reasoning
executive functioning
personality
inhbiton
habit learning
parietal lobe functions
right from left
reading/writing
body orientation
calculation
two point discrimination
lesion in pareital lobe of dominant hemisphere results in what?
dysphasia
dyscalculia
dyslexia
apraxia (can’t perform compel meovemnts)
lesion in parietal lobe of non-dominant hemisphere would result in what?
spatial disorientation
dressign apraxia
constructional apraxia
function of the temproal lobe
understanding speech
memory
hearing
emotions
sense of identity
recognising faces
function of occipital lobe
primary visual area
neglect (spatial awareness) is result of stroke in dominant/non-domiant hemisphere?
non-dominant (right)
stroke in the dominant hemisphere often affects what?
language
banana shape bleed on CT is what?
subdural haematoma
sudden headache, photophobia and N&V likely to be?
subarachnoid haemorrhage
how is subarachnoid haemorrhage investigated?
LP
convex (lemon) shape bleed on CT?
extradural haemorrhage
injury to pterion could implicate which artery?
middle meningeal artery
migraine management
diary
NSAIDs/Triptans in acute
propanolol/topiramte prophylaxis
drug used in trigeminal neuralgia?
carbamazepine
(P450 inducer)
hemicord lesion results in?
brown-sequard syndrome
ipsilateral motor loss and vibration/ proprioception loss
contralateral pain and temp loss
descrbe central cord syndrome
loss of movement and sensation in upper limbs due to neck tramua
nerev assoc w colles fracture?
median nerve → carpal tunnel syndrome
define broca and wernicke area?
broca = speech production
wernicke = speech comprehension
oligoclonal bands in CSF indicates what?
MS
huntingtons is due to CAG repeat on which chromosome?
HTT gene on chromosome 4
which gait is seen in parkinsons?
shiffling gait
causes fo meningits dependant on age?
neonates- listeria, roup B strep, E.coli
children- H.influenza
10-21- meinigococcal
>21- pneumococcal
>65- listeria
which antibodies ae present in myasthenia gravis?
postsynaptic Ach receptor antibodies
managemnt of status epilepticus?
pre-hospital: diazepam, midazolam
in hopsital: lorazepam (diazepam in no IV access)
established: IV phenytoin
