Brain Tumours and Intracranial Haemorrhage Flashcards
what is the most common extra-axial tumour?
meningioma
meningioma arises from which cell type?
residual mesenchymal cells in the meninges
name other brain tumours?
pituitary adenoma
choroid plexus papilloma
acoustive neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)
bilateral acoustic neuroma cud indicate which underlying condtion?
neurofibromatosis type 2
how do brain tumours generally present?
headaches
vomiting
mental changes
seizures
how are astrocytic tumours graded?
1-4 based on severity
which tumour grades are malignant and which are benign?
Grade I- benign
Grade II- low grade
Grade III/IV- malignant
who is affected by pilocytic astrocytoma?
children and young adults
what is the curative treatment for pilocytic (gradeI I) astrocytic tumours?
surgery
which grade astrocytome presents with seizures?
low grade astrocytome (grade II)
what is a grade IV astrocytoma called?
glioblastoma
what is usually the underlying cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage?
underlyign berry aneurysm
where are berry aneurysms most liekly to form?
bifurcation of arteries due to turbulent blood flow
how does subarachnoid haemorrhage usually present?
sudden onset severe headache
collapse
vomiting
neck pain
photophobia
how is subarachnoid haemorhage diagnosed?
CT brain
LP if -ve
how may LP appear in subarachnoid haemorrhage?
xanthochromic- be wary of traumatic tap
what is gold standard in diagnosing aneurysm?
cerebral angiography
what are some complications of haemorrhage?
rebleeding
delayed ischameic effect- keep patients hydrated
hydrocephalus
hyponatraemia
why does intracerbral haemorrhage occur?
hypertension
aneurysm
arteriovenous malformation
what are arteriovenous malformations?
high flow abnormal connections between arteries and veins
can present w ischameic problems as they are stealing blood from one area for another
