Sulfonamides Flashcards
What is the action of sulfonamides?
They are bacteriostatic and inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid
Sulfonamides are used to treat
Otitis media respiratory infections UTIs prostatitis gonorrhea
The route of administration for sulfonamides is
topical
ophthalmic
oral
IV
Sulfonamides are effective against what bacterial strains?
Effective against gram- E. Coli Meningococcal meningitis Chlamydia Toxoplasma gondii
Sulfonamides are not effective against
fungi
viruses
Short-acting sulfonamides are
sulfadiazine
Intermediate-acting sulfonamides are
sulfasalazine
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)
General side effects of sulfonamides include
photosensitivity stomatitis GI distress renal failure crystalluria blood dyscrasias (anemias) Stevens-johnson syndrome
Trimethoprim is used for
UTIs
What is the combined effect of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole?
(i.e. Why combine them?)
It’s a bactericide that prevents bacterial resistance and obtains a better response against many organisms.
(They have a synergistic effect)
TMP-SMZ are effective in treating
common sulfonamide treatments plus burns
AIDS and intestinal
Side effects of TMP-SMZ are
Common side effects + Fatigue, depression, HA, dizziness
rashes
anorexia
TMP/SMZ interacts with
Warfarin -increased anticoagulation
oral-hypoglycemic - increases hypoglycemia
Contraindications of TMP/SMZ are
known allergy to sulfonylurea-type oral hypoglycemics, thiazide, or loop diuretics
Adverse reactions of TMP/SMZ are
Common rsn of Blood dyscrasias
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Renal failure
