Drugs for Urinary Tract Disorders Flashcards
pyelonephritis is
an upper UTI
cystitis is
a lower UTI
Acute cystitis can be caused by
E. coli
Staph
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
Symptoms of acute cystitis and prostatitis are
pain and burning on urination, frequency, urgency
The majority of urinary tract disorders are caused by
UTIs
pyelonephritis is most commonly caused by
E. coli
symptoms of pyelonephritis are
chills fever flank pain pyuria painful urination frequency urgency
Urinary antiseptics/antiinfectives include
nitrofurantoin, methenamine, trimethoprim, and the fluoroquinolones
The action of nitrofurantoin is
it is a bacteriostatic or bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits bacterial enzymes and metabolism.
Nitrofurantoin is effective against
gram+ and gram-
E. coli
Nitrofurantoin can be used in low doses to
prevent bacterial growth in the bladder and kidneys
Side effects for nitrofurantoin include
rash, pruritus dizziness, HA, drowsiness GI distress pulmonary reactions (dyspnea, chest pain, fever, cough) Rust-colored or brown urine
Adverse reactions for nitrofurantoin include
Stevens-Johnson syndrome superinfection hepatotoxicity blood dyscrasias peripheral neuropathy
Interventions for nitrofurantoin include
Take with food Shake suspension well Rinse mouth after taking avoid antacids Do not crush or open caps Do not drive increase fluid intake consume cranberry juice, plums, proteins and vitamin c
The action of methenamine hippurate (Hiprex) is
Bactericidal when urine is acidic
Methenamine hippurate is effective against
gram+ and gram-
E. coli
P. aeruginosa
pseudomonas
Methenamine hippurate is used for ______ UTIs
chronic
To decrease the pH of urine a patient can ingest
cranberry juice (several glasses/d)
ascorbic acid
ammonium chloride
Methenamine should not be taken with
sulfonamides
this would cause crystalluria
The action of phenazopyridine (Pyridium) is
to relieve pain, burning sensation, frequency and urgency
The side effects/ adverse reactions of phenazopyridine (Pyridium) is
GI upset (NVD) nephrotoxicity hepatotoxicity Blood dyscrasia Red-orange urine glucose test alterations (monitor)
The action of bethanechol is
to increase bladder tone of the detrusor muscle (stimulant)
Bethanechol is used to treat
hypotonic bladder
Bethanechol is contraindicated with
peptic ulcer, COPD
Side effects and adverse reactions of bethanechol are
dizziness, fainting, and GI distress,
The action of oxybutynin is
direct action on smooth muscle to relieve spasms
The side effects of oxybutynin are
drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue
blurred vision, dry mouth
tachycardia
constipation
oxybutynin is contraindicated with
glaucoma
Urinary and GI obstructions
cardiac, renal, hepatic, and prostate problems
as they have the same effects as anticholinergics
The action of tolterodine tartrate anticholinergic is
to control overactive bladder
The side effects of tolterodine tartrate are
drowsiness dizziness fainting blurred vision dry mouth tachycardia constipation
Contraindications for tolterodine tartrate are
glaucoma
cardiac, renal, hepatic, and prostate problems
Client should report urinary retention
Nitrofurantoin is used to treat
acute or chronic UTIs
