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My Pharm > Antituberculars, Antifungals, Peptides and Metronidazole > Flashcards

Antituberculars, Antifungals, Peptides and Metronidazole Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of tuberculosis?

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid-fast bacillus)

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2
Q

How is tuberculosis transmitted?

A

airborne droplets - coughing sneezing

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3
Q

Who is at increased risk for tuberculosis?

A

Alcohol addicted
debilitated
immunocompromised

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?

A

Cough
sputum
fever, night sweats, weight loss
GI distress

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5
Q

Prophylaxis recommended in the first 6mn to 1yr

A

Close contact w/ diagnosed TB pt
HIV+ with TB test
Converted from - to + TB test
Contraindicated in liver disease

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6
Q

Drug combinations for antitubercular drugs

A

single drug therapy is ineffective

multidrug therapy increases the bacterial resistance to drugs, Treatment duration is decreased.

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7
Q

First-line drugs for antitubercular drugs are

A

isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin

more effective and less toxic than second-line

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8
Q

Second-line drugs antitubercular drugs are

A

capreomycin, cycloserine, ethionamide, kanamycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, pyrazinamide
Less effective and more toxic than first-line drugs

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9
Q

What is the treatment regimen for tuberculosis?

A 
Depends on resistance
Typically INH and rifampin
divided into 2 phases
phase 1 - 2 months
phase 2 - 4 to 7 months
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10
Q

The action of isoniazid (INH) is

A

inhibition of bacterial wall synthesis

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11
Q

The route for isoniazid (INH) is

A

oral, IM

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12
Q

The side effects/adverse reactions for isoniazid (INH) are

A 
Photosensitivity, Blurred vision
Tinnitus, dizziness
GI distress, constipation
Peripheral neuropathy
psychotic behavior, seizures
blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity
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13
Q

Drug interactions for isoniazid (INH) are

A
  • Alcohol, rifampin, cycloserine, phenytoin increase effect of INH
  • decreases phenytoin when concurrent
  • antacids decrease absorption
  • Alcohol increases risk of neuropathy, hepatotoxicity
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14
Q

Teaching for isoniazid

A 
Take INH 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
Take all meds
collect sputum specimen every morning
Take pyridoxine (VB6) to prevent peripheral neuropathy
Check liver inzymes, CBC
Frequent eye exams
Report numbness, tingling, burning
Teach sun precautions
avoid antacids
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15
Q

When administering streptomycin, monitor

A

ototoxicity and renal function

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16
Q

When taking rifampin, teach the patient

A

that body fluids may be red-orange

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17
Q

When taking ethambutol, teach the patient

A

to only take a single daily dose to avoid visual disturbances

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18
Q

antifungals treat

A

superficial infections (skin, mucous membranes,) and systemic infections (Lungs, CNS)

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19
Q

What are the antifungal (antimycotic) drug groups?

A

Polyenes, Azoles, Antimetabolic, Antiprotozoals, Echnocandins

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20
Q

Polyene antifungal drugs include

A

amphotericin B

nystatin

21
Q

Azoles antifungals include

A

Fluconazole

miconazole

22
Q

Antimetabolic antifungals include

A

flucytosine

23
Q

Antiprotozoals antifungals include

A

atovaquone

24
Q

Echinocandins antifungals include

A

caspofungin

25
Q

Amphotericin is used to treat

A

several fungal infections

26
Q

the action of amphotericin is

A

it binds to fungal cell membranes, causing leakage of contents (fungicidal, fungistatic)

27
Q

the route of administration of amphotericin is

A

IV over 2-6 hours

28
Q

side effects/ adverse reactions to amphotericin B is

A 
flushing, fever, chills, HA, dyspnea
Hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia
GI distress, pseudo. colitis
seizures, paresthesia, thrombophlebitis
nephrotoxicity, electrolyte imbalance, ototoxicity
29
Q

Interventions for amphotericin B are

A 
Give IV over 2-6 hours
Monitor VS q30min (ESP. BP!)
Prevent febrile rxns and anaphylaxis
Increase fluids
Monitor output, weight
Monitor electrolytes, renal and liver fx
30
Q

The action of nystatin is

A

increases the permeability of fungal cell membrane

fungistatic, fungicidal

31
Q

Administration of nystatin is via

A

oral, topical

32
Q

Teaching for nystatin is

A

swish and swallow

gargle if throat is affected

33
Q

Fluconazole is used to treat

A

candidiasis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis

34
Q

the route of administration for fluconazole is

A

topical, oral, IV, vaginal

35
Q

Flucytosine is used to

A

(in oral combination) increase effectiveness and toxicity

36
Q

Atovoquone is used to treat

A

mild to moderate pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia

37
Q

the route of administration for atovoquone is

A

oral

38
Q

Caspofungin is used to treat

A

candida, aspergillosis

39
Q

the route of administration for caspofungin is

A

IV

40
Q

Polymyxin B is used to treat

A

p. aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebiella, shigella

41
Q

the route of administration for polymyxins B is

A

slow IV

42
Q

Adverse effects of polymyxins B are

A

nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity

43
Q

Bacitracin is used to treat

A

meningitis

44
Q

the route of administration for bacitracin is

A

IM and topical

45
Q

the adverse effects of bacitracin are

A

GI distress, renal damage

46
Q

Metronidazole is used to treat

A

various disorders associated with organisms in the GI tract

Can be used prophylactically in colorectal surgery

47
Q

side effects of metronidazole are

A

dark or reddish brown urine (high doses)

w/ alcohol (facial flushing, sweating, HA, slurred speech)

48
Q

When taking metronidazole patients should avoid

A

alcohol and use during 1st trimester

My Pharm (15 decks)

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