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Drugs by class suffix Flashcards

learn to recognize drugs and their details by their class suffix.

1
Q

-nacin; -tropine

A

anticholinergic (antimuscarinic)

  • darifenacin, solifenacin
  • EXCEPTIONS: ATROPINE, BENZTROPINE, OXYBUTYNINE (muscarinic antagonist)
  • MOA: Slows GI motility, Mydriasis, Increase HR, Bronchodilation, Urinary Rtn,
  • CI: Narrow angle glaucoma,
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR: Dry mouth, blurred vision, mydriasis (IOP), constipation, Antihistamine effects (sedation, drowsiness)
  • Intervention: Take w/ food,
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2
Q

-zosin

A

alpha blocker

  • terazosin, prazosin, doxazosin
  • MOA: peripheral arterial and venous dilation causing lowered BP
  • T. Use: Primary HTN, (doxazosin - BPH)
  • SE/AR: Dizziness, fainting/ syncope
  • CI:
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3
Q

-terol

A

beta agonist; bronchodilator

  • albuterol (acute), formoterol, salmeterol, terbutaline
  • MOA: promote bronchodilation by beta2 activation
  • T. Use: bronchodilation
  • SE/AR: tachycardia, palpations, tremors
  • Cautions: DM, hyperthyroidism, Heart disease, HTN, angina, and CI w/tachydysrhthmias
  • Intervention:
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4
Q

-olol

A

beta blocker (Beta-adrenergic blocker)

  • cardioselective (metoprolol, atenolol) non-selective (propranolol, nadolol, labetalol), carvedilol
  • MOA: lower blood pressure
  • T. Use: Primary HTN, Angina, tachydysrhythmias, HF, and MI
  • SE/AR: bradycardia, nasal stuffiness, AV block, rebound myocardium excitation if stopped abruptly, bronchospasm
  • CI: AV block and bradycardia
  • Intervention:
    • Monitor blood sugars (masks hypoglycemia)
    • Monitor Heart Rate
    • Do not stop abruptly
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5
Q

-afil

A

phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor

  • sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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6
Q

-bicin

A

antineoplastic

  • doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, valrubicin
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention:
    • use extreme caution (gloves, mask)
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7
Q

-bital

A

barbiturate (sedative)

  • butabarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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8
Q

-caine

A

local anesthetic

  • bupivacaine, lidocaine, prilocaine, proparacaine
  • MOA: lidocaine used for ventricular (VT and V-fib)
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR: Confusion, drowsiness, muscle twitching, seizures, parasthesias (see slide 33 for SAMS toxicity)
  • CI:
  • Assess: Cardiac monitoring, lidocaine toxicity
  • Intervention:
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9
Q

cef-, ceph-

A

cephalosporin antibiotic

  • cefaclor, cefprozil, cephalexin
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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10
Q

-cillin

A

penicillin antibiotic

  • amoxicillin, ampicillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention:
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11
Q

-cycline

A

tetracycline antibiotic

  • doxycycline, tetracycline
  • MOA: inhibit growth, destroy, or otherwise control replication of microbes
  • T. Use: fungal, bacterial, protozoal, rickettsial infections
  • Precautions: Consume 3L/day, backup contraceptives, avoid sun exposure
  • Intervention:
    • Hx of allergies
    • Monitor for signs of med reaction and secondary infections
    • Give on time
    • Do C&S first
    • damages teeth in children < 8
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12
Q

-dazole

A

anthelmintic; antibiotic; antibacterial

  • albendazole, mebendazole, metronidazole, tinidazole
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention:
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13
Q

-dipine

A

calcium channel blocker (CCBs)

  • amlodipine, nisoldipine (work only on vessels)
    • EXCEPTIONS: diltiazem, Verapamil (work on heart and vessels)
  • MOA: decrease Ca in the heart
    • prevents muscle contraction → causes vasodilation → dec. BP → dec. afterload, peripheral resistance, and workload
  • T. use: HTN, angina, Cardiac arrhythmias
  • SE/AR: constipation, reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, toxicity
  • CI: grapefruit juice, HF, heart block, bradycardia
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14
Q

-dronate

A

biphosphonate; bone resorption inhibitor

  • alendronate, etidronate, ibandronate, risedronate
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess: Intervention
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15
Q

-eprazole

A

proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

  • esomeprazole, omeprazole, rebaprazole
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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16
Q

-fenac

A

NSAID

  • bromfenac, diclofenac, nepafenac
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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17
Q

-floxacin

A

quinolone antibiotic

  • ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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18
Q

-gliptin

A

antidiabetic; inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme

  • sitagliptin
  • MOA: promotes release of insulin, lowers glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying
  • T. Use: control glucose
  • Cautions: Caution in renal, hepatic or cardiac disorders, avoided in lactation and pregnancy
  • Intervention: Teach about hypoglycemia, monitor A1c, exercise and diet, refer to diabetic nurse.
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19
Q

-glitazone

A

antidiabetic; thiazolidinedione

  • pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
  • MOA: decreases cellular insulin resistance
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR: hypoglycemia
  • Cautions: caution in renal, hepatic, or cardiac disorders; avoid in pregnancy and lactation.
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20
Q

-iramine

A

antihistamine

  • brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, pheniramine
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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21
Q

-lamide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

  • acetazolamide, brinzolamide, dorzolamide, methazolamide
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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22
Q

-limus

A

immunosuppressant

  • pimecrolimus, sirolimus, tacrolimus
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
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23
Q

-mab

A

monoclonal antibody

  • daclizumab, infliximab, omalizumab
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
24
Q

-mycin

A

antibiotic; antibacterial

  • azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin
  • MOA:
  • T. Use:
  • SE/AR:
  • CI:
  • Assess:
  • Intervention
25
-nazole
antifungal * fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: * CI: * Assess: * Intervention:
26
-olone
corticosteroid * fluocinolone, rimexolone, triamcinolone anabolic steroid * nandrolone, oxandrolone, oxymetholone * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: * CI: * Assess: * Intervention:
27
-oprazole
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) * dexlansoprazole, lansoprazole * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: * CI: * Assess: * Intervention:
28
farin; -parin
antithrombotic; anticoagulant (blood thinner) * warfarin, heparin, tinzaparin, * EXCEPTION: fondaparinux * MOA: * T. Use: prevent blood clot formation * SE/AR: bleeding/hermorrhage * CI: * Intervention: antibiotics and potassium affect INR value, INR should be 2-3/3.5, take at the same time daily, do not double dose.
29
-phylline
xanthine derivative (bronchodilator) * aminophylline, theophylline * MOA: relaxation of bronchial muscle * T. Use: bronchospasm, long-term asthma * SE/AR: irritability, restlessness, (AE/ tachycardia, tachypnea, seizures) * CI: Peptic ulcer disease, Caution: DM, hyperthyroidism, Heart disease, hypertention, and angina * Intervention: T. levels, avoid caffeine, smoking and alcohol.
30
-pramine
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) * clomipramine, imipramine, trimipramine * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: * CI: * Assess: * Intervention:
31
pred; pred-
corticosteroid * loteprednol, prednicarbate, prenisolone, prednisone * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: * CI: * Assess: * Intervention:
32
-pril
ACE inhibitor * lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril * MOA: dilates venuoles/arterioles → improves renal blood flow and dec. fluid vol. * T. Use: HTN, HR, MI, diabetic neuropathy * SE/AR: Persistant cough, angioedema, HoTN, teratogenic, **hyperkalemia** * if angioedema occurs give epinephrine 0.5mL subq * take captopril 1 hr before meals * Measure blood pressure and Potassium!
33
-profen
NSAID * fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: peptic ulcerns, HTN, Kidney disease, * CI: * Intervention: * can cause HTN, HF, Stroke, MI * they can increase effects of hypertensives and diuretics
34
-sartan
angiotensin II receptor antagonist; ARB * candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, valsartan * MOA: dilates venuoles/arterioles → improves renal blood flow and dec. fluid vol. * T. Use: HTN, HF, MI, diabetic neuropathy * SE/AR: Persistent cough, angioedema, HoTN, teratogenic (2-3m) * if angioedema occurs give epinephrine 0.5mL subq * consult HCP about OTC drugs
35
-semide
loop diuretic (water pill) * furosemide, torsemide * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: * CI: * Assess: * Intervention:
36
-setron
serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, antiemetic and antinauseant * alosetron, dolasetron, _ondansetron_ * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: * CI: * Assess: * Intervention:
37
-statin
HMB-CoA reductase inhibitor; statins * atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin * MOA: interfere with hepatic enzyme HMB-CoA reductase to reduce formation of cholesterol precursors * T. Use: Primary HLD, coronary events or MI, stroke in diabetics * SE/AR: muscle aches, hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis, peripheral neuropathy * Cautions: Prolonged bleeding with warfarin, reacts with many drugs! * Intervention: Do not administer with grapefruit juice, take in the evening, monitor liver and renal fx, low-fat/high-fiber diet, Report muscle weakness
38
sulfa-
antibiotic; anti-infective; anti-inflammatory * sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasalazine * MOA: * T. Use: * SE/AR: * CI: * Assess: * Intervention:
39
-tadine
antihistamine * cyproheptadine, desloratadine, loratadine, olopatadine
40
-thiazide
thiazide diuretic (water pill) * chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, methyclothiazide * MOA:
41
-gestrel
female hormone (progestin) * desogestrel * etonogestrel * levonorgestrel * norgestrel
42
tretin-; tretin; -tretin
retinoid; dermatologic agent; form of vitamin A * acitretin * alitretinoin * isotretinoin * tretinoin
43
-triptan
antimigraine; selective 5-HT receptor agonist * almotriptan * eletriptan * rizatriptan * sumatriptan * zolmitriptan
44
-tropium
Inhaled anticholinergic * Ipratropium, tiotropium * T. Use: prevent bronchospasms, manage allergen- or exercise-indused asthma, COPD * SE: dry mouth and eyes, urinary rtn * Cautions: **peanut allergy**, narrow-angle glaucoma, BPH, not for acute attacks * Interventions: Takes 2 weeks for effect, Shake inhaler, wait 5 min between inhaled meds, use w/in 1 min of reconstitution in nebulized
45
-triptyline
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) * amitriptyline * nortriptyline * protriptyline
46
-zepam
benzodiazepine * clonazepam, _diazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam_, temazepam *
47
-zolam
benzodiazepine * alprazolam * estazolam * midazolam * triazolam
48
No suffix Cardiac Glycosides
* Digoxin, Digitoxin, Oubain * MOA: * Inc the force of contraction and velocity of myocardial contractions to improve stroke volume and output. Slow HR to allow for ventricular filling * T. use * HF, afib & aflutter * SE/AE: Digitalis toxicity! → _N.V.D_, loss of appetite _(anorexia)_, HA, anxiety, _blurred vision/ yellow vision_, _confusion, halluciations_ * Cardiotoxicity → bradycardia * CI: * hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, Impaired renal, AV block, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome * Drug I - * ACE Inhibitors and ARB (inc. risk of hyperkalemia) * Thiazide or loop diuretics increase the risk of hypokalemia and toxicity * ACE and ARBs increase risk of hyperkalemia * Verapamin increases risk of toxicity * Antidote: _digoxin immune Fab (Digiband)_ * Assessment: * Toxicity; AHR (1 min) hold if \<60, 70, 90; CI(drug), K levels, monitor for dysrhthmias * Monitor serum K, Mg and digoxin levels * Teaching: * Consult HCP before OTC (inlcuding antacids), Admin IV over \>5min. Notify HCP of sudden increase in HR
49
-sone
corticosteroid * cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone * MOA:
50
S/S DIG TOXICITY
GI EFFECTS (N, V, ANOREXIA, ABDOMINAL PAIN) VISUAL DISTURBANCES (DIPLOPIA, BLURRED VISION, HALOS) FATIGUE, WEAKNESS
51
S/E of NITROGLYCERIN
LIGHTHEADEDNESS, DIZZYNESS, BP
52
ADENOSINE
FOR DYSRRHTHMIAS _FOR SUPERVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA_ GIVE VERY QUICKLY CAUSES THE PT TO FLATLINE BRIEFLY USED TO DETERMINE WHAT RHYTHM THEY ARE IN
53
vasodilators
* nitroglycerin, enalaprilat, nitroprusside, hydralazine * T. use: HTN emergencies * S/E: dizziness, HA, HoTN, cyanide toxicity, thiocyanate poisoning. * Interventions: do not mix with other meds, guard from light, discard after 24 hr, continuous ECG and BP
54
Antiplatelet medications
* clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, aspirin * prevent platelets from sticking together and forming obstructions/clots * they prolong bleeding time * don't take with peptic ulcer, active bleeding, or hemorrhage * Do not take with ginkgo, ginseng, or garlic
55

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