Antivirals, Antimlarials, and Anthelmintics Flashcards by Elizabeth Seal

General signs and symptoms of a viral infection include

HA, fever, cough
N/V/D
Fatigue, Muscular pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Influenza has antigen types …

A, B, and C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The effects of influenza A are…

moderate to severe infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The effects of influenza B are…

mild illness in children

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The effects of influenza C are…

very rare in humans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Influenza spreads by

easily transmitted by droplet

coughing, sneezing, talking

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

From the time of inhalation, it takes approximately how long before the appearance of symptoms?

24 hours

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The symptoms of influenza are

(high fever, HA, fatigue, myalgia)
sore throat, nonproductive cough
watery nasal discharge
red watery eyes
chills, photophobia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HSV-1 and HSV-2 are types of

herpes simplex virus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HSV-1 are commonly associated with

cold sores (vesicular lesions), which grow in neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HSV-2 are commonly associated with

vesicular lesions and small ulcerations on the genitalia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can ….

remain dormant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HSV-1 and HSV-2 are transmitted by

contact with infections lesions or secretions
HSV-1 orally
HSV-2 intimate or sexual, childbirth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Signs and symptoms of HSV-1 and HSV-2 are

eruption of small pustules vesicles,
fever, HA, malaise, myalgia
tingling, itching, and pain in genital area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HSV-3 or VZV is also known as

varicella-zoster

chicken pox and shingles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Symptoms of HSV-3 (VZV) are

generalized pruritic vesicles

fever

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Symptoms of shingles are

vesicular rash
follows nerve innervation
fever
malaise
myalgia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HSV-4 or EBV is

the epstein-barr virus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HSV-4 or EBV causes

mononucleosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Symptoms of mononucleosis are

fever
tonsillitis
enlarged lymph nodes in the neck

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

EBV resides in

the lymphocytes
epithelial cells
muscle cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HHV-5 or CMV is

cytomegalovirus

it is very common but usually asymptomatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CMV can be transmitted by

body fluids, especially saliva and urine

kissing, sexual contact, sharing food, mother to fetus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CMV can lead to ______ in susceptible patients

fatal pneumonia or blindness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hepatitis B (HBV) is

a liver infection caused by Hep B virus

Transmission of HBV is

needlestick intimate sexual contact childbirth Found in all body fluids

Signs and symptoms of HBV are

anorexia V/D jaundice malaise, myalgia

What should be considered when administering the flu vaccine?

allergy to eggs

Diagnostic tests for influenza are

Directigen Flu A Flu OIA QuickVue Influenza Test ZstatFlu

The action of antiviral drugs are

inhibition of viral replication by interfering with viral DNA synthesis in the cell

Nonclassified antivirals for Influenza A are

amantadine | rimantadine

The route of administration for amantadine and rimantadine is

oral

The side effects of rimantadine are

``` CNS effects Insomnia, depression, anxiety, confusion ataxia, orthostatic hypertension, neurologic problems (weakness, dizziness, slurred speech.) GI disturbances ```

Neuraminidase inhibitors for Influenza A and B are

zanamivir | oseltamivir

the action of neuraminidase inhibitors is

decrease the release of the virus from infected cells

Neuraminidase inhibitors must be taken within

48 hours of symptoms

Gamma globulins contain

antibodies

Gamma globulins are administered via ____ and are effective for _____.

IM or IV | 2-3 weeks

Topical non-HIV antivirals treat

herpes simplex viruses

Topical non-HIV antivirals include

idoxuridine, penciclovir, trifluridine

The action of purine nucleosides is

interference with viral DNA synthesis

purine nucleosides are effective against

various herpes viruses, CMV

Acyclovir treats

herpes simplex, herpes zoster, varicella-zoster, and CMV | it is a purine nucleoside

The side effects of acyclovir are

``` HA, confusion, depression, lethargy, tremors GI distress, blood dyscrasias nephrotoxicity increased bleeding, hematuria Gingival hyperplasia, menstrual abnormalities ```

Nursing interventions for acyclovir are

Administer IV over 1hr (never bolus) Monitor CBC, renal and liver fx, urine output Increase fluid intake Monitor BP Assess for superinfection Instruct pt to use condoms or abstain from sex

Acyclovir should not be taken with

probenecid, increases effect of acyclovir aminoglycoside, amphotericin B These increase nephrotoxicity

Other purine nucleosides are

valacyclovir famciclovir ganciclovir

Adverse reactions to acyclovir are

leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

Malaria is caused by

protozoan parasites plasmodium carried by infected mosquitoes

The tissue phase of malaria is

asymptomatic

the erythrocytic phase of malaria causes

fever, chills, sweating, flulike symptoms

The incubation period of malaria is

10 to 35 days

The treatment regimen for malaria includes

combination drugs for drug-resistant malaria

Antimalarial drugs include

Hydroxychloroquine quinine mefloquine plaquenil

the action of antimalarial drugs is

inhibition of growth by interfering with protein synthesis

General side effects and adverse reactions to antimalarials include

GI upset cranial nerve VII involvement renal impairment cardiovascular effects

Side effects/adv reaction of plaquenil are

Gi distress mood or mental changes, blurred vision blood dyscrasias

Side effects/adv rxn of quinine are

``` GI distress, vision changes, dizzyness confusion, delirium, seizures VII crainial nerve involvement, tinnitis renal impairement, blood dyscrasias cardiovascular collapse decreased respirations ```

Interventions for antimalarials include

``` Monitor kidney and liver fx Take with meals report vision changes avoid alcohol take prophylactic drug if traveling to endemic countries ```

Anthelmintics are used for

helminths (parasitic worms)

Common sites for helminthiasis are

intestines, lymphatic system, blood vessels, and liver

Name the four groups of helminths

cestodes (tapeworms) Trematodes (flukes) Intestinal nematodes (roundworms) Tissue-invading nematodes (tissue roundworms)

Helminths enter the body by

contaminated food bites of carrier insects direct penetration of the skin

Side effects/ adverse reactions to anthelmintics are

HA, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, and GI upset.

Interventions for anthelmintics are

take after meals encourage good hygiene warn against driving

Anthelmintics are usually given for a period of

1 to 3 days.

Anthelmintic drugs include

``` bithionol diethylcarbamazine ivermectin praziquantel pyrantel ```

anthelmintic drugs are given

orally