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My Pharm > Antivirals, Antimlarials, and Anthelmintics > Flashcards

Antivirals, Antimlarials, and Anthelmintics Flashcards

1
Q

General signs and symptoms of a viral infection include

A

HA, fever, cough
N/V/D
Fatigue, Muscular pain

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2
Q

Influenza has antigen types …

A

A, B, and C

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3
Q

The effects of influenza A are…

A

moderate to severe infection

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4
Q

The effects of influenza B are…

A

mild illness in children

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5
Q

The effects of influenza C are…

A

very rare in humans

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6
Q

Influenza spreads by

A

easily transmitted by droplet

coughing, sneezing, talking

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7
Q

From the time of inhalation, it takes approximately how long before the appearance of symptoms?

A

24 hours

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8
Q

The symptoms of influenza are

A 
(high fever, HA, fatigue, myalgia)
sore throat, nonproductive cough
watery nasal discharge
red watery eyes
chills, photophobia
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9
Q

HSV-1 and HSV-2 are types of

A

herpes simplex virus

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10
Q

HSV-1 are commonly associated with

A

cold sores (vesicular lesions), which grow in neurons

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11
Q

HSV-2 are commonly associated with

A

vesicular lesions and small ulcerations on the genitalia

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12
Q

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can ….

A

remain dormant

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13
Q

HSV-1 and HSV-2 are transmitted by

A

contact with infections lesions or secretions
HSV-1 orally
HSV-2 intimate or sexual, childbirth

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of HSV-1 and HSV-2 are

A

eruption of small pustules vesicles,
fever, HA, malaise, myalgia
tingling, itching, and pain in genital area

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15
Q

HSV-3 or VZV is also known as

A

varicella-zoster

chicken pox and shingles

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16
Q

Symptoms of HSV-3 (VZV) are

A

generalized pruritic vesicles

fever

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17
Q

Symptoms of shingles are

A 
vesicular rash
follows nerve innervation
fever
malaise
myalgia
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18
Q

HSV-4 or EBV is

A

the epstein-barr virus

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19
Q

HSV-4 or EBV causes

A

mononucleosis

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20
Q

Symptoms of mononucleosis are

A

fever
tonsillitis
enlarged lymph nodes in the neck

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21
Q

EBV resides in

A

the lymphocytes
epithelial cells
muscle cells

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22
Q

HHV-5 or CMV is

A

cytomegalovirus

it is very common but usually asymptomatic

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23
Q

CMV can be transmitted by

A

body fluids, especially saliva and urine

kissing, sexual contact, sharing food, mother to fetus

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24
Q

CMV can lead to ______ in susceptible patients

A

fatal pneumonia or blindness

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25
Q

Hepatitis B (HBV) is

A

a liver infection caused by Hep B virus

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26
Q

Transmission of HBV is

A

needlestick
intimate sexual contact
childbirth
Found in all body fluids

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27
Q

Signs and symptoms of HBV are

A

anorexia
V/D
jaundice
malaise, myalgia

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28
Q

What should be considered when administering the flu vaccine?

A

allergy to eggs

29
Q

Diagnostic tests for influenza are

A

Directigen Flu A
Flu OIA
QuickVue Influenza Test
ZstatFlu

30
Q

The action of antiviral drugs are

A

inhibition of viral replication by interfering with viral DNA synthesis in the cell

31
Q

Nonclassified antivirals for Influenza A are

A

amantadine

rimantadine

32
Q

The route of administration for amantadine and rimantadine is

A

oral

33
Q

The side effects of rimantadine are

A 
CNS effects 
Insomnia, depression, anxiety, confusion
ataxia, orthostatic hypertension, 
neurologic problems (weakness, dizziness, slurred speech.)
GI disturbances
34
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors for Influenza A and B are

A

zanamivir

oseltamivir

35
Q

the action of neuraminidase inhibitors is

A

decrease the release of the virus from infected cells

36
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors must be taken within

A

48 hours of symptoms

37
Q

Gamma globulins contain

A

antibodies

38
Q

Gamma globulins are administered via ____ and are effective for _____.

A

IM or IV

2-3 weeks

39
Q

Topical non-HIV antivirals treat

A

herpes simplex viruses

40
Q

Topical non-HIV antivirals include

A

idoxuridine,
penciclovir,
trifluridine

41
Q

The action of purine nucleosides is

A

interference with viral DNA synthesis

42
Q

purine nucleosides are effective against

A

various herpes viruses, CMV

43
Q

Acyclovir treats

A

herpes simplex, herpes zoster, varicella-zoster, and CMV

it is a purine nucleoside

44
Q

The side effects of acyclovir are

A 
HA, confusion, depression, 
lethargy, tremors
GI distress, blood dyscrasias
nephrotoxicity
increased bleeding, hematuria
Gingival hyperplasia, menstrual abnormalities
45
Q

Nursing interventions for acyclovir are

A

Administer IV over 1hr (never bolus)
Monitor CBC, renal and liver fx, urine output
Increase fluid intake
Monitor BP
Assess for superinfection
Instruct pt to use condoms or abstain from sex

46
Q

Acyclovir should not be taken with

A

probenecid, increases effect of acyclovir
aminoglycoside, amphotericin B
These increase nephrotoxicity

47
Q

Other purine nucleosides are

A

valacyclovir
famciclovir
ganciclovir

48
Q

Adverse reactions to acyclovir are

A

leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

49
Q

Malaria is caused by

A

protozoan parasites plasmodium carried by infected mosquitoes

50
Q

The tissue phase of malaria is

A

asymptomatic

51
Q

the erythrocytic phase of malaria causes

A

fever, chills, sweating, flulike symptoms

52
Q

The incubation period of malaria is

A

10 to 35 days

53
Q

The treatment regimen for malaria includes

A

combination drugs for drug-resistant malaria

54
Q

Antimalarial drugs include

A

Hydroxychloroquine
quinine
mefloquine
plaquenil

55
Q

the action of antimalarial drugs is

A

inhibition of growth by interfering with protein synthesis

56
Q

General side effects and adverse reactions to antimalarials include

A

GI upset
cranial nerve VII involvement
renal impairment
cardiovascular effects

57
Q

Side effects/adv reaction of plaquenil are

A

Gi distress
mood or mental changes, blurred vision
blood dyscrasias

58
Q

Side effects/adv rxn of quinine are

A 
GI distress, vision changes, dizzyness
confusion, delirium, seizures
VII crainial nerve involvement, tinnitis
renal impairement, blood dyscrasias
cardiovascular collapse
decreased respirations
59
Q

Interventions for antimalarials include

A 
Monitor kidney and liver fx
Take with meals 
report vision changes
avoid alcohol
take prophylactic drug if traveling to endemic countries
60
Q

Anthelmintics are used for

A

helminths (parasitic worms)

61
Q

Common sites for helminthiasis are

A

intestines, lymphatic system, blood vessels, and liver

62
Q

Name the four groups of helminths

A

cestodes (tapeworms)
Trematodes (flukes)
Intestinal nematodes (roundworms)
Tissue-invading nematodes (tissue roundworms)

63
Q

Helminths enter the body by

A

contaminated food
bites of carrier insects
direct penetration of the skin

64
Q

Side effects/ adverse reactions to anthelmintics are

A

HA, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, and GI upset.

65
Q

Interventions for anthelmintics are

A

take after meals
encourage good hygiene
warn against driving

66
Q

Anthelmintics are usually given for a period of

A

1 to 3 days.

67
Q

Anthelmintic drugs include

A 
bithionol
diethylcarbamazine
ivermectin
praziquantel
pyrantel
68
Q

anthelmintic drugs are given

A

orally

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