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My Pharm > Adrenergic Agonists and Blockers > Flashcards

Adrenergic Agonists and Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic Agonists affect the

A

sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

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2
Q

What effects do adrenergic agonists have on the body?

A
  • Mydriasis
  • Bronchodialysis
  • Increased HR
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Relaxation of the bladder
    • decreased motility of GI
  • Relaxation of the Uterus
    • fluid retention
  • Relaxation of the Uterus
    • decreased contraction
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3
Q

Beta1 receptors are located primarily in the

A
  1. heart
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4
Q

Stimulation of the Beta1 receptors cause

A
  • increased cardiac contractility (P)
  • increased renin secretion (inc. BP and vasoconstriction)
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5
Q

Beta2 receptors are found mostly in

A

smooth muscles of the

  1. lungs
  2. GI tract
  3. uterine muscle
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6
Q

Stimulation of the Beta2 receptors results in

A
  • bronchodilation
  • decreases GI motility and tone (constipation)
  • increases blood flow to skeletal muscles
  • decreases uterine tone (urine rtn.)
  • activates liver glycogenolysis (inc. serum blood glucose)
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7
Q

What are the effects of dopaminergic receptor sites?

A
  • vasodilation
    • increases blood flow
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8
Q

What classification is Epinephrine (adrenalin)?

A

Non-selective: works on ALL receptor sites

primarily alpha1, beta1, and beta2

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9
Q

What is the action/effect of epinephrine

A
  • alpha1 increases blood pressure, contractility (inotropic.)
  • beta1 increases HR (vasoconstriction)
  • beta2 promotes bronchodilation
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10
Q

What are the contraindications for epinephrine

A
  • cardiac dysrhythmias
  • hypertension
  • hyperthyroidism
  • pregnancy
  • closed angle glaucoma
  • shock
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11
Q

What are some uses of epinephrine

A
  • anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock
  • bronchospasms
  • cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest
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12
Q

What are the side effects/adverse reactions of epinephrine?

A
  • cardiac dysrhythmias
  • flushing
  • reflex tachycardia
  • IOP
  • decreased renal perfusion
    • due to vasoconstriction
  • HA, anxiety, fear, palpatations,
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13
Q

What types of drugs interact with epinephrine?

A
  • beta-blockers
    • decreases epinephrine action
  • digoxin
    • causes cardiac dysrhythmias
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14
Q

What are the nursing interventions for epinephrine?

A
  • Never give orally
  • Monitor BP, P, and urine output
  • Report tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, dizziness, hypertension
  • Monitor IV site for infiltration
  • Avoid cold medications and diet pills if hypertensive, diabetic, CAD, or dysrhythmias
  • Avoid adrenergics when nursing infants
  • Avoid continuous use of adrenergic nasal sprays
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15
Q

What classification is albuterol

A

Selective

Acts on beta2 adrenergic receptors

promotes bronchodilation

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16
Q

Alpha1 receptors cause

A
  • increased cardiac contractility
  • vasoconstriction
  • dilated pupils - mydriasis
  • decreased salivary gland secretion
  • increased bladder relaxation and urinary sphincter
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17
Q

Alpha2 receptors cause

A
  • inhibit norepinephrine release (vasodilation)
  • decreased GI motility and tone
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18
Q

For what is albuterol used?

A

Treat bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, COPD

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19
Q

Albuterol can be used cautiously with

A
  • Severe cardiac disease
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Pregnancy
20
Q

Albuterol can be given by which routes?

A
  • orally
  • inhalation
    • Nebulizer is by far the fastest route of admin
21
Q

Epinephrine can be administered by what routes?

A
  • Subq
  • IV
  • Topically
  • Inhalation
  • Intercardiac
  • Instillation
22
Q

Side effects/ adverse reactions of albuterol include

A
  • Tremors
  • nervousness
  • restlessness
  • dizziness
  • reflex tachycardia
  • hallucinations
  • cardiac dysrhthmias
23
Q

What is the effect of alpha1 adrenergic blockers?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • decreased BP
  • pupil constriction (miosis)
  • reflex tachycardia
  • suppresses ejaculation
  • reduces contraction of smooth muscles in bladder neck and prostate.
24
Q

What is the effect of beta1 blockers

A
  • Reduces cardiac contractility
  • Decreases pulse
25
Q

What is the effect of beta2 blockers

A
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Contracts uterus
  • Inhibits glycogenolysis
26
Q

What are the uses of alpha blockers?

A
  • Decrease symptoms of
    • BPH - benign prostatic hypertrophy
      • Terazosin
    • PVD - peripheral vascular disease
27
Q

What are the uses for beta blockers?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Angina pectoris
  • HF
  • MI
28
Q

Contraindications for beta blockers include

A
  • COPD
  • asthma
  • 2nd and 3rd degree heart block
29
Q

Side effects of nonselective beta-blockers include

A
  • bronchoconstriction
  • weight gain
  • impotence
  • decreased libido
  • reversible alopecia
30
Q

Side effects of selective beta blockers include

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • fainting
  • fatigue
  • mental depression
  • etc - see slide 20
31
Q

What assessments should be done before administering adrenergic agonists?

A
  • Baseline VS
  • Complete Drug Hx
  • Determine Health Hx
    • contraindications
      • cardiac dysrhythmias
      • narrow-angle glaucoma
      • cardiogenic shock
  • Determine baseline glucose level
32
Q

What are some nursing interventions and teaching for adrenergic agonists

A
  • Monitor IV sites for extravasation
  • Monitor ECG
  • Monitor I&O
  • Avoid use with OTC cold and diet pills with hypertension and DM
  • Avoid continuous use of nasal sprays - rebound nasal congestion
  • Do Not Stop use abruptly
  • Report side effects
    • rapid HR, palpitations, Irregular HB
    • rash, itching, flushing
    • chest pain
    • numbness of fingers and toes
33
Q

What are some assessments that should be done before administering adrenergic blockers

A
  • Baseline VS and ECG
  • Report if pt taking diuretics, NSAIDs, digoxin, MAOIs, or CNS depressants
  • Health Hx
    • Depression
    • peptic ulcer
    • heart failure
34
Q

What are some nursing interventions and patient teaching for adrenergic neuron blockers?

A
  • Monitor VS (teach)
  • Report excessive dizziness, lightheadedness, early morning insomnia, mental depression or chest pain
  • Assist with ambulation
  • Note complaints of stuffy nose
  • Adhere to drug regimen
  • Teach to rise slowly
  • Inform of possible mood changes
  • May cause impotence/decreased libido
  • Do not drive before effects are known
35
Q

What is the drug class and mechanism of action for propranolol?

A
  • beta-adrenergic blocker
  • acts on beta1 and beta2 receptors
36
Q

For what is propranolol used

A
  • Hypertension
  • dysrhythmia
  • angina pectoris
  • Prevention of migraine and MI
37
Q

What is the route of administration for propranolol?

A

PO

38
Q

What are the drug class and mechanism of action for metoprolol?

A
  • beta-adrenergic blocker
  • acts on the beta1 receptor
39
Q

For what is metoprolol used to treat?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Heart Failure
40
Q

What is the route of administration for metoprolol?

A

PO - hypertension

IV - MI

41
Q

What are the drug class and mechanism of action for atenolol?

A
  • Beta-adrenergic blockers
  • Acts on beta1 receptors
42
Q

For what is atenolol used to treat?

A
  • Hypertension
  • angina
  • MI
  • HF
43
Q

What is the route of administration for atenolol?

A

PO

44
Q

What are the drug class and action of terazosin?

A
  • Alpha-adrenergic blocker
  • acts on alpha1 receptors
45
Q

For what is terazosin used to treat?

A
  • Hypertension
  • BPH - benign prostatic hypertrophy
46
Q
A

My Pharm (15 decks)

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