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1 SUGER > SUGER: anatomy of the posterior abdominal wall, urogenital triangle and pelvic floor muscles > Flashcards

SUGER: anatomy of the posterior abdominal wall, urogenital triangle and pelvic floor muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the superior and inferior borders of the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • attached to diaphragm above

- attached to pelvis rim below

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2
Q

what part of the spine is in the posterior abdominal wall?

A

lumbar

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3
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • quadrates lumborum
  • iliacus
  • psoas minor
  • psoas major
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4
Q

what is the plexus on the posterior abdominal wall that innervates parts of the abdomen, genitalia and thigh?

A

THE LUMBAR PLEXUS

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5
Q

which spinal nerves make up the lumbar plexus?

A 
T12
L1
L2
L3
L4
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6
Q

what do the Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (branches of lumbar plexus) innervate?

A
  • anterior abdominal wall muscles

- skin of the external genitalia

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7
Q

what does the Genitofemoral nerve (branch of lumbar plexus) innervate?

A

the skin of the external genitalia

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8
Q

what does the Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (branch of lumbar plexus) innervate?

A

the skin over the lateral thigh.

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9
Q

what does the Femoral nerve (branch of lumbar plexus) innervate?

A

the muscles and skin of the anterior thigh

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10
Q

what does the Obturator nerve (branch of lumbar plexus) innervate?

A

the muscles and skin of the medial thigh.

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11
Q

where and what is the perineum?

A

diamond shape between the thighs

between the external genitalia and the anus.

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12
Q

what are the 2 triangles of the perineum?

A

the urogenital triangle

the anal triangle

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13
Q

what does the urogenital triangle contain?

A

the external genitalia and urethra

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14
Q

what does the anal triangle contain?

A

the anal canal
the external anal sphincter
the 2 ischioanal fossa
pedendal nerve

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15
Q

where is the theoretical line dividing the perineum into 2 triangles?

A

line connecting the two ischial tuberosities of the pelvis

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16
Q

what separates the perineum from the pelvic cavity superiorly?

A

the pelvic floor

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17
Q

what are the boundaries of the urogenital triangle?

A

the pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, and a theorectical line between the two ischial tuberosities.

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18
Q

why is the urogenital triangle seen as more complex than the anal triangle?

A

because it has an additional layer of strong deep fascia

  • the perineal membrane

this creates pouches and surfaces

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19
Q

what are the 5 layers of the urogenital triangle (deep to superficial)

A
  1. deep perineal pouch
  2. perineal membrane
  3. Superficial perineal pouch
  4. Perineal fascia
  5. skin
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20
Q

where is the deep perineal pouch?

A

superior border = deep fascia of the pelvic floor

inferior border = the perineal membrane

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21
Q

what structures are contained within the deep perineal pouch?

A
  • the urethra,
  • external urethral sphincter

FEMALES
-vagina

MALES

  • bulbourethral glands
  • the deep transverse perineal muscles.
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22
Q

what structures are attached to the Perineal membrane?

A

muscles of the external genitalia
urethra
vagina

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23
Q

what does the Superficial perineal pouch contain?

A
  • the erectile tissues that form the penis and clitoris,
  • three muscles( the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles.)
  • The greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) are also located in the superficial perineal pouch.
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24
Q

what are the 2 layers of the perineal fascia?

A

deep

superficial

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25
what is the innervation of the perineum?
the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
26
what is the main artery that supplies the perineum?
internal pudendal artery.
27
which bones make up the bony pelvis ?
the sacrum + two hip bones (left and right)
28
what 3 bones make up the hip bone?
hip bone = the ilium + ischium + pubis
29
where is the hip joint?
where femur head articulates with acetabulum on bony pelvis
30
where is the sacroiliac joint ?
where sacrum (bottom of spine) articulates with ilium bone
31
where is the pubic symphysis?
where the L&R pubis bones meet in the midline | inferior
32
where is the Lumbosacral joint?
where L5 connects to sacrum w/intervertebral disc
33
where is the Sacrococcygeal joint?
where inferior sacrum meets coccyx
34
name 3 surface landmarks on the ilium hip bone?
- the iliac crest - the anterior iliac spine (ASIS) - the iliac tubercle
35
where is the most anterior point of the ilium bone?
- the anterior iliac spine (ASIS)
36
where is the most lateral point of the ilium bone?
- the iliac tubercles
37
where is the line that separates lower and middle 1/3 abdomen ?
between the L&R iliac tubercles called the inter tubercular plane
38
name 1 surface landmark on the pubis hip bone? describe where it is
the L&R pubic tubercles - most medial point on pubic bone - either side of pubic symphysis
39
what is the pelvic inlet?
= the boundary between greater and lesser pelvis essentially the hole created by the pelvic brim
40
what 3 features make the female pelvis larger than the males?
1. ANGLE between the INFERIOR RAMI of the PUBIS bones is wider on females (obtuse v acute) 2. DISTANCE between ISHIAC SPINE and SACRAM is larger in females, creating a wider, more circular pelvic inlet 3. SACRUM is more curved forwards in males. In females, wider and shorter.
41
which organs does the pelvis contain?
1. rectum 2. bladder 3. female reproductive organs 4. male productive organs
42
which arteries supply the pelvis?
R&L internal iliac arteries | vesical,uterine,vaginal,recta,internal pedendal, gluteal
43
which veins drain the pelvis?
several plexuses that mostly drain into the internal iliac vein.
44
what plexus innervates the pelvis?
the sacral plexus
45
which key nerve of the sacral plexus innervates the lower limb?
the sciatic nerve
46
which key nerve of the sacral plexus innervates the majority of the perineum?
Pudendal nerve | S2-S4
47
which key nerves of the sacral plexus innervates the gluteal region?
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves
48
which key nerves of the sacral plexus innervates the pelvic viscera/organs?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves carry parasympathetic fibres from the S2-S4 spinal cord segments to the pelvic viscera.
49
where is the pelvic cavity?
within the lesser part of the pelvis, beneath the pelvic brim.
50
what are the 2 sets of muscles of the pelvic cavity
1. the pelvic floor/ diaphragm (= floor of the pelvic cavity) 2. the lateral wall muscles (= form walls around the pelvic cavity)
51
what is the shape of the pelvic floor?
funnel shape
52
what does the pelvic floor separate the pelvic cavity from?
the perineum
53
what are the 2 gaps in the pelvic floor?
1. Urogenital hiatus (anterior) | 2. Rectal hiatus (central)
54
what structures pass through the Urogenital hiatus?
- the urethra | - and the vagina in females
55
what structures pass through the Rectal hiatus?
- the anal canal
56
what are the roles of the pelvic floor?
1. support abdominopelvic organs 2. provide resistance to intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure  eg. coughing 3. Urinary and faecal continence
57
what are the muscles of the pelvic floor?
the 3 paired levator ani muscles + the coccygeus
58
what are the 3 paired muscles that form the levator ani muscles?
3 paired muscles 1. pubococcygeus 2. puborectalis 2. iliococcygeus
59
what are the attachments of the puborectalis?
U shaped sling around rectum - pubis bone - around the anal canal
60
what are the attachments of the pubococcygeus?
- pubis bone | - coccyx + sacrum
61
what are the attachments of the iliococcygeus?
- ischial spines | - coccyx
62
what are the attachments of the coccygeus?
- ischial spines | - coccyx
63
which muscles make up the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?
- the obturator internus | - the piriformis

1 SUGER (9 decks)

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