SUGER: anatomy of the posterior abdominal wall, urogenital triangle and pelvic floor muscles Flashcards
what are the superior and inferior borders of the posterior abdominal wall?
- attached to diaphragm above
- attached to pelvis rim below
what part of the spine is in the posterior abdominal wall?
lumbar
what are the 4 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
- quadrates lumborum
- iliacus
- psoas minor
- psoas major
what is the plexus on the posterior abdominal wall that innervates parts of the abdomen, genitalia and thigh?
THE LUMBAR PLEXUS
which spinal nerves make up the lumbar plexus?
T12 L1 L2 L3 L4
what do the Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (branches of lumbar plexus) innervate?
- anterior abdominal wall muscles
- skin of the external genitalia
what does the Genitofemoral nerve (branch of lumbar plexus) innervate?
the skin of the external genitalia
what does the Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (branch of lumbar plexus) innervate?
the skin over the lateral thigh.
what does the Femoral nerve (branch of lumbar plexus) innervate?
the muscles and skin of the anterior thigh
what does the Obturator nerve (branch of lumbar plexus) innervate?
the muscles and skin of the medial thigh.
where and what is the perineum?
diamond shape between the thighs
between the external genitalia and the anus.
what are the 2 triangles of the perineum?
the urogenital triangle
the anal triangle
what does the urogenital triangle contain?
the external genitalia and urethra
what does the anal triangle contain?
the anal canal
the external anal sphincter
the 2 ischioanal fossa
pedendal nerve
where is the theoretical line dividing the perineum into 2 triangles?
line connecting the two ischial tuberosities of the pelvis
what separates the perineum from the pelvic cavity superiorly?
the pelvic floor
what are the boundaries of the urogenital triangle?
the pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, and a theorectical line between the two ischial tuberosities.
why is the urogenital triangle seen as more complex than the anal triangle?
because it has an additional layer of strong deep fascia
- the perineal membrane
this creates pouches and surfaces
what are the 5 layers of the urogenital triangle (deep to superficial)
- deep perineal pouch
- perineal membrane
- Superficial perineal pouch
- Perineal fascia
- skin
where is the deep perineal pouch?
superior border = deep fascia of the pelvic floor
inferior border = the perineal membrane
what structures are contained within the deep perineal pouch?
- the urethra,
- external urethral sphincter
FEMALES
-vagina
MALES
- bulbourethral glands
- the deep transverse perineal muscles.
what structures are attached to the Perineal membrane?
muscles of the external genitalia
urethra
vagina
what does the Superficial perineal pouch contain?
- the erectile tissues that form the penis and clitoris,
- three muscles( the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles.)
- The greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) are also located in the superficial perineal pouch.
what are the 2 layers of the perineal fascia?
deep
superficial
what is the innervation of the perineum?
the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)