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1 SUGER > SUGER anatomy: male genitalia > Flashcards

SUGER anatomy: male genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

how many erectile tissues are there in the BODY of the penis?

A
  • there are 3 cylinders of erectile tissue
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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of erectile tissue in the BODY of the penis?

A

2x corpora cavernosa

1x corpus spongiosum

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3
Q

which erectile tissue is on the dorsal surface/top of the penis?

A

the 2 corpora cavernosa tissues

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4
Q

which erectile tissue is on the ventral surface/bottom of the penis?

A

the corpus spongiosum

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5
Q

what is the glans and what erectile tissue is it made from?

A
  • end of the penis

- corpus spongiosum

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6
Q

what structure does the penile urethra form when it reaches the glans?

A
  • it dilates and forms the navicular fossa

- this opens at end (urethral meatus)

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7
Q

through what tissue does the penile urethra travel through?

A

corpus spongiosum

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8
Q

what is the main artery of the perineum (in both sexes)?

A

the internal pudendal artery

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9
Q

what is the internal pudendal artery a terminal branch of?

A

the internal iliac artery

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10
Q

what are the 3 branches of the internal pudendal artery that supply the penis?

A
  1. the dorsal arteries (runs along top)
  2. the deep arteries
  3. the Bulbourethral artery
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11
Q

describe the venous drainage of the penis

A

by paired veins

  • superficial dorsal
  • deep dorsal
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12
Q

what are the 3 parts of the penis?

A

root
body
glans

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13
Q

what and where is the root of the penis?

A
  • most proximal
  • fixed
  • not visible externally
  • within superficial perineal pouch
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14
Q

how many erectile tissues are there in the ROOT of the penis?

A

3

  • L&R crura (laterally)
  • the bulb of the penis (in midline)
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15
Q

what do the L&R crura become once they enter the body of the penis?

A
  • continue anteriorly into dorsal body
  • form the 2 corpora cavernosa
  • separated by septum
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16
Q

what does the bulb of the penis become once it enters the body of the penis?

A
  • travels ventrally

- becomes the corpus spongiosum

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17
Q

what spinal cord segments and spinal ganglia innervate the penis?

A

S2-S4

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18
Q

what nerve supplies general sensation and sympathetic innervation to the penis?

A

pudendal nerve

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19
Q

what do the parasympathetic nerve fibres innervate within the penis?

A
  • dilate the arteries of the corpus cavernosa

- causes erection (engorged with blood)

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20
Q

what are the 4 stages of sexual intercourse the penis goes through?

A
  1. erection
  2. emission (mixing of components of semen in the prostatic urethra)
  3. ejaculation
  4. remission (returns to flaccid state)
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21
Q

what are the 4 muscles in the root of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus(x2)

Ischiocavernosus(x2)

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22
Q

with which erectile tissue are the Bulbospongiosus muscles associated with?

A
  • the bulb of the penis

- in the root

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23
Q

what action happens when the Bulbospongiosus muscle contracts?

A
  • the spongy urethra is emptied of any residual semen and urine
  • there is a pressure increase in the bulb of the penis, which helps to maintain an erection
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24
Q

with which erectile tissue are the Ischiocavernosus muscles associated with?

A

the left and right crura

in the root of the penis

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25
Q

what action happens when the Ischiocavernosus muscle contracts?

A

blood is forced from crura to corpora cavernosa

helps to maintain an erection

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26
Q

what are the 3 facia layers of the penis?

A
  1. external fascia of colles
  2. deep/bucks fascia
  3. tunica albuginea
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27
Q

which fascia layer is the most superficial? which is the deepest?

A

superficial - external fascia of colles

deepest - tunica albuginea

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28
Q

which fascia layer holds all 3 erectile tissues together.

A

bucks fascia (deep fascia)

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29
Q

which fascia layer forms an individual capsule around each corpus cavernousum, and is fused in the midline? .

A

tunica albuginea

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30
Q

name the 2 ligaments that support the root of the penis by attaching it to the pubic symphysis

A
  1. suspensory ligament

2. fundiform ligament

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31
Q

what is the term for foreskin? what is it made of?

A

Theprepuce

= double layer of skin and fascia

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32
Q

where is the prepuce found?

A

at the neck of the glans (covering it to a variable extent)

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33
Q

what medial skin fold on the ventral surface of the penis connects the prepuce to the surface of the glans?

A

the frenulum

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34
Q

what is the thepreputial sac?

A

potential space between the glans and prepuce

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35
Q

which erectile tissue gets the least engorged with blood during an erection? why?

A

The corpora spongiosum

so not to compress the urethra (which would prevent ejaculation)

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36
Q

what are the male gonads?

A

the testes (2 testicles)

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37
Q

what is the role of the testes?

A

to produce sperm and secrete testosterone

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38
Q

what are the 3 fascia layers of the testes?

A

SAME AS SPERMATIC CORD

  1. External spermatic fascia
  2. Cremasteric muscle and fascia
  3. Internal spermatic fascia
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39
Q

name the sac derived from peritoneum, inside the scrotum, that surrounds the testes

A

the tunica vaginalis (allowing for friction-free movement.)

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40
Q

which arteries supply the testes?

A

the 3 arteries in the spermatic cord

  1. testicular
  2. cremasteric
  3. Artery to the vas deferens
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41
Q

what is the venous drainage of the testes?

A
  • the pampiniform venous plexus (the testicular veins, wrapped around testicular artery)
  • drains directly into IVC on right, via renal vein on left
42
Q

describe the testes anatomical relation to:

  • the scrotum
  • epididymis
  • spermatic cord
A
  • lie within the scrotum
  • epididymis is on posterolateral aspect of each testicle
  • suspended from the abdomen by the spermatic cord
43
Q

describe the internal features of a testicle (3)

A
  • contains series of lobules
  • lobules contain seminiferous tubules
  • supported by interstitial tissue
44
Q

where are the spermatozoa produced within the testes?

A

in the seminiferous tubules

45
Q

what cells aid spermatozoa maturation? where are these cells found?

A
  • Sertoli cells

- that line the seminiferous tubules of the testes

46
Q

what cells are responsible for testosterone production? where are these cells found?

A

the Leydig cells

found in interstitial tissue of testes

47
Q

what are the rete testes?

A

an anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis)

48
Q

what is the role of the rete testes?

A

carries sperm from where they have been produced in the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts.

49
Q

where do the efferent tubules transport the sperm ? (from the rete testes)

A

to the epididymis for storage and maturation

form the head pf the epididymis

50
Q

what is the tunica albuginea?

A

a fibrous capsule that encloses the testes

also the deepest fascia layer of the penis

51
Q

innervation of the testes?

A

from the testicular plexus

52
Q

describe scrotal skin

A

thin, wrinkled and more darkly pigmented.

53
Q

where are the epididymis?

A

1 on each tesitcle (within scrotum)

postolateral side

54
Q

what its the epididymis?

A

a heavily coiled duct that stores and transports sperm

55
Q

what are the 3 parts to the epididymis?

A
  1. head - most proximal
  2. body - heavy coiled duct of the epididymis
  3. tail - most distal, transports sperm into vas deferens
56
Q

what are the smooth muscular layers of the vas deferens?

A
  • inner longtiduital
  • intermediate circular
  • outer longitudinal
57
Q

how are the vas deferentia adapted to allow sperm to travel through quickly?

A
  1. rich innervation
  2. smooth muscle layers
  3. has a inner mucosal laye with microvilli that help spermatozoa through
58
Q

what structure does the vas deferens travel within?

A

the spermatic cord, inguinal canal

59
Q

at what point does the vas deferens exit the inguinal canal?

A

leaves via the DEEP inguinal ring

60
Q

where is the ampulla of vas deferens?

A
  • after leaves canal, vas deferens goes into side/lateral wall of pelvis
  • turns medially onto the back of the bladder
  • then becomes the ampulla, just medial to the seminal vesicle
61
Q

what is the ampulla of vas deferens?

A

dilated area of vas deferens tube

62
Q

where does the vas deferens terminate?

A

it joins the seminal vesicle

after this point it becomes the ejaculatory duct

63
Q

where does the vas deferens transport sperm to and from?

A

from tail of epididymis

to ejaculatory duct

64
Q

what are the seminal vesicles?

A

2 lobulated sacs (L&R)

65
Q

what is the role of the seminal vesicles?

A

to produce semen ingredients

thick alkaline fluid that forms bulk of seminal fluid

66
Q

describe the epithelium of the seminal vesicles?

A

has a secretory mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

67
Q

what is the arterial supply to the seminal vesicles?

A

arteries stemming from the internal iliac artery

68
Q

how are the seminal vesicles involved in ejaculation?

A

their smooth muscles contract via sympathetic innervation

69
Q

what 2 substances does the ejaculatory duct collect and where form?

A
  • spermatozoa from testes

- semen from seminal vesicles

70
Q

to what structure does the ejaculatory duct pass on its contents ?

A

to prostatic urethra

71
Q

what are the 3 sections of the urethra?

A

prostatic urethra → membranous urethra → penile urethra

72
Q

where does sperm leave the body?

A

out of penile urethra

73
Q

what is the innervation to the ejaculatory duct?

A

Testicular plexus

74
Q

what are the arteries supplying the ejaculatory duct?

A

the arteries of the spermatic cord

  • paired testicular
  • creamsteric arteries,
  • arteries of the vas deferens
75
Q

venous drainage of ejaculatory duct?

A

paired testicular veins from papiniform plexus in scrotum (wrapped around testicular artery)

76
Q

which structures of the male genitalia are supplied by branches of the internal iliac artery?

A
  • penis (internal pedendal)
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate (prostatic arteries)
77
Q

which structures of the male genitalia are supplied by branches from the spermatic cord?

A
  • testes
  • scrotum
  • epididymis
  • ejaculatory duct

testicular, cremasteric, vas defers artery

78
Q

which structures of the male genitalia are drained by the paminiform venous plexus?

A
  • testes
  • scrotum
  • epididymis
  • ejaculatory duct
79
Q

which structures of the male genitalia are innervated by the testicular nervous plexus?

A
  • testes
  • scrotum
  • epididymis
  • ejaculatory duct
80
Q

what is the prostate?

A
  • aspherical fibromuscular gland

- about the size of a walnut

81
Q

what structures have openings into the prostate gland?

A

pierced by urethra and ejaculatory ducts

82
Q

what is the role of the prostate?

A

ensure semen is in a fluid state

83
Q

what enzymes does the prostate glands secrete and what is their action?

A
  • secretesproteolytic enzymes into the semen
  • these break down clotting factors in the ejaculate
  • makes it more fluid
84
Q

where is the prostate gland located?

A
  • inferior to neck of bladder
  • superior to external urethral sphincter
  • anterior to rectum (ampulla)
85
Q

where is the prostate gland in relation to the levator ani muscle?

A
  • levator ani muscle is inferolateral to prostate gland
86
Q

through what structures do the proteolytic enzymes leave the prostate into the urethra?

A

prostatic ducts

87
Q

what are the 4 zones of the prostate? which are glandular which are fibromuscular?

A
  1. central zone - glandular
  2. transitional zone - glandular
  3. peripheral zone - glandular
  4. stroma zone - fibromuscluar
88
Q

which zone of the prostate surrounds the ejaculatory ducts?

A

the central zone

89
Q

which zone of the prostate surrounds the prostatic urethra?

A

the transitional zone

90
Q

which zone of the prostate has the highest incidence of inflammation?

A

the peripheral zone

most posterior

91
Q

which zone of the prostate is involved in the urine reflex?

A

the peripheral zone

- because this glandular zone empties into the prostatic urethra VERTICALLY

92
Q

which zone of the prostate is most anterior?

A

the fibromuscular stroma zone

93
Q

what arteries supply the prostate?

A 
prostatic arteries
( from internal iliac)
94
Q

what veins drain the prostate?

A

the prostatic venous plexus

95
Q

what plexus supplies the prostate gland with sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory innervation ?

A

the inferior hypogastric plexus

96
Q

what is the innervation of the smooth muscle of the prostate gland? what is the role of this muscle?

A
  • sympathetic fibres

- for ejaculation

97
Q

what 2 structures flank the prostate? what happens if they are damaged in surgery?

A

neurovascular bundles

erectile dysfunction

98
Q

is the innervation of an erection parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Pointing = Parasympathetic

99
Q

is the innervation of ejaculation parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Shooting = Sympathetic

100
Q

how is temperature regulated in the testes for optimum sperm production?

A

pampiform plexus acts as cooling system via heat exchange

101
Q

why is the fluid in the seminal vesicles need to be alkaline?

A

vaginal secretions are acidic so acts as buffer for sperm

1 SUGER (9 decks)

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