SUGER anatomy Flashcards
what is contained in the male and female inguinal canal?
- male- spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
- female- round ligament and ilioinguinal nerve
what is the round ligament?
embryonic remnant of gubernaculum- originates at uterine horns and attaches to labia majora
what are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?
- Deep (internal) ring- found above midpoint of inguinal ligament- created by transversalis fascia
- Superficial (external) ring- marks end of inguinal canal, triangle-shaped opening- formed by evagination of external oblique
what 3 layers cover the spermatic cord?
- external spermatic fascia
- cremaster muscle
- internal spermatic fascia
what is the epididymis?
storage reservoir for sperm
what vertebrae to the kidneys extend to and from?
T12 to L3
what is the position of the kidneys relative to the peritoneum?
extraperitoneal and retroperitoneal
what separates the kidneys from the adrenal glands?
perirenal fat
what is the shape of the right adrenal gland?
tetrahedral
what is the shape of the left adrenal gland?
crescent-shaped
what are the 3 layers of the cortex of the adrenal gland and what does each layer produce?
- zone glomerulosa- mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone
- zone fasciculata- corticosteroids such as cortisol
- zone reticularis- androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone
what does the medulla of the adrenal gland secrete?
catecholamines- e.g. adrenaline
what are the 4 main muscles found on the posterior abdominal wall?
- quadratus lumborum
- psoas major
- psoas minor
- iliacus
which muscles form the iliopsoas muscle?
- iliacus and psoas major
- forms a connection between posterior abdominal wall and femur- so can flex the leg or the trunk
what vertebrae does the lumbar plexus arise from?
T12 to L5
what are the 6 main branches arising from the lumbar plexus?
- iliohypogastric
- ilioinguinal
- genitofemoral
- lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
- femoral
- obturator
what forms the trigone on the bladder?
2 ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice
what muscle controls micturition?
detrusor muscle
what is the difference between the male and female internal urethral sphincter?
- male- consists of smooth fibres under autonomic control
- female- functional sphincter- contains no muscle
where does the medial umbilical ligament arise from?
apex of the bladder
what is the position of the uterus?
- anteverted
- anteflexed
how does the uterus communicate with the uterine cavity and the vagina?
- uterine cavity via internal os
- vagina via external os
where do the cardinal ligaments run to and from?
lateral wall of Cervix to lateral pelvic side wall- at the base of the broad ligament
what is the broad ligament?
double layer of peritoneum attaching the sides of the uterus to the pelvis- acts as a mesentery for the uterus (maintains its position)
which part of the uterine tube surrounds the ovary?
fimbriae (finger-like projections extending from the infundibulum)
what are the 4 parts of the uterine tube- from ovary to uterine cavity?
- fimbrae
- infundibulum
- ampulla
- isthmus
what attaches the ovaries to the posterior of the broad ligament?
mesovarium
what muscles are located near the vaginal orifice?
bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus
what is mons pubis?
rounded, hair bearing elevation of the skin located at the front of pubic symphysis
how many bundles of erectile tissue comprise the clitoris?
3
at what point does ductus deferens terminate?
when it joins the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
where does the ejaculatory duct drain?
prostatic urethra
where is the prostate situated?
inferior to the neck of the bladder and superiorly to the external urethral sphincter
what are the 3 erectile sphincters?
- corpus spongiosum
- paired corpora cavernosa
what is the bulb of the penis covered by?
expanded bulbospongiosus muscles
what is each crus of the penis covered by?
ischiocavernosus muscle
where does the Male urethra pass to and from?
from the internal urethral meatus of the bladder to the external urethral meatus of glans penis
what are the functions of the pelvic floor muscles?
- support of the abdominopelvic viscera
- resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/ abdominal pressure
- fecal continence
what are the main muscles found on the pelvic floor?
- levator ani
- coccygeus
what are the boundaries of the UG triangle?
- pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, line between 2 ischial tuberosities
what are the layers of the urogenital triangle from deep to superficial?
- deep perineal pouch
- perineal membrane
- superficial perineal pouch
- perineal fascia
- skin
what is contained within the superficial perineal pouch?
• Superficial perineal pouch contains erectile tissues along with 3 muscles- ischocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles
