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Nicks phase 1 flashcards > MSK anatomy > Flashcards

MSK anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
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2
Q

what are the insertions of the rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert into greater tubercle of humerus
  • subscapularis inserts into lesser tubercle of humerus
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3
Q

where do all the rotator cuff muscles originate from?

A

scapula

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4
Q

what are the 3 shoulder joints?

A
  • sternoclavicular
  • acromioclavicular
  • glenohumeral
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5
Q

which muscles contribute to the pectoral/ shoulder girdle?

A
  • trapezius
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid minor
  • rhomboid major
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6
Q

function of the trapezius

A

elevation and depression of scapula, rotates scapula during abduction of humerus

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7
Q

function of levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula

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8
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the trapezius muscle?

A

originates from skull, superior nuchal line and the spinous processes of C7-T12, inserts into spine of scapula

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9
Q

function of rhomboid major and minor

A

elevate and retract scapula

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10
Q

what is the innervation of lattisimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

what is the function of lattisimus dorsi?

A

extend, adduct and medially rotate humerus

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12
Q

origin and insertion of deltoid

A

originates from inferior edge of scapula, lateral margin of acromion, anterior border of 1/3 of clavicle, inserts into deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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13
Q

what nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

A

axillary

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14
Q

function of the deltoid

A

abduct the arm beyond the initial 15’ achieved by the supraspinatus

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15
Q

what are the 6 branches of the axillary artery?

A
  • superior thoracic
  • thoracoacromial
  • lateral thoracic
  • subscapular
  • anterior circumflex humeral
  • posterior circumflex humeral
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16
Q

what vertebrae does the musculocutaneous nerve arise from and what does it supply?

A
  • c5, c6, c7

- anterior upper arm muscles

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17
Q

what vertebrae does the axillary nerve arise from and what does it supply?

A
  • c5, c6

- teres minor and deltoid

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18
Q

what vertebrae does the median nerve arise from and what does it supply?

A
  • c5, c6, c7, c8, t1
  • innervates all flexor muscles in anterior compartment of forearm apart from flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of flexor digitorum profundus (4th and 5th finger)
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19
Q

what vertebrae does the ulnar nerve arise from and what does it supply?

A
  • c8, t1

- supplies flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of flexor digitorum profundus (4th and 5th finger)

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20
Q

what 3 muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis
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21
Q

what does the bicipital aponeurosis form?

A

roof of the cubital fossa

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22
Q

what is the function of biceps brachii?

A

supination of forearm, flexes arm at elbow and shoulder

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23
Q

where does the coracobrachialis muscle originate from?

A

coracoid process of scapula

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24
Q

what is the function of coracobrachialis?

A

flex the arm at the shoulder

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25
Q

where does the brachialis muscle originate from and insert into?

A
  • originates from humeral shaft

- inserts into ulna tuberosity

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26
Q

function of brachialis

A

flexion at elbow

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27
Q

what is contained within the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

triceps brachii

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28
Q

what nerve innervates tricep brachii?

A

radial nerve

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29
Q

where do the superficial and intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm originate from?

A

medial epicondyle

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30
Q

what are the 4 muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm?

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
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31
Q

what muscle of present in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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32
Q

what is the function of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

flexes metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

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33
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicus longus
  • protanor quadratus
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34
Q

where does flexor digitorum profundus originate from?

A

ulna

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35
Q

where does flexor pollicus longus originate from?

A

radius

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36
Q

where does pronator quadratus originate from?

A

anterior surface of ulna

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37
Q

how many carpal bones are there?

A

8

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38
Q

what is the palmar aponeurosis a continuation of?

A

tendon form palmaris longus of the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm

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39
Q

what is the superficial palmar arch?

A

termination of ulnar artery with part of the radial artery

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40
Q

what muscles are the flexor tendons formed from?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis

- flexor digitorum profundus

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41
Q

where does the superficialis tendon attach?

A

splits to be attached either side of the middle phalanx

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42
Q

where does the profundus tendon attach?

A

passes between gap of the superficialis tendon to insert into base of terminal phalanx

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43
Q

what holds flexor tendons onto front of the finger?

A

fibrous flexor sheath

44
Q

why are the flexor tendons enclosed by synovial sheaths?

A

reduce friction

45
Q

what are the small muscles of the hand?

A
  • thenar group- abductor policis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis
  • adductor pollicis
46
Q

what is the innervation of the small muscles of the hand?

A
  • thenar group= median nerve

- adductor pollicis= ulnar nerve

47
Q

what are the muscles of the hypothenar group?

A
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • opponens digiti minimi
48
Q

what nerve supplies the hypothenar group?

A

ulnar nerve

49
Q

what do the lumbrical muscles take origin from?

A

flexor digitorum profundus tendon

50
Q

what is the nervous supply of the lumbrical muscles?

A
  • lateral 2 muscles (fingers 2 and 5)- median nerve

- medial 2 muscles (fingers 3 and 4)- ulnar nerve

51
Q

what is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

adduction of the digits

52
Q

what is the function of the dorsal interossei?

A

abduction of the digits

53
Q

what is the nervous supply of the palmar and dorsal interossei muscles?

A

ulnar nerve

54
Q

what are the 8 carpal bones?

A
  • scaphoid
  • lunate
  • trapezium
  • trapezoid
  • capitate
  • hamate
  • triquetral
  • pisiform
55
Q

what are all the extensor muscles of the posterior forearm innervated by?

A

radial nerve

56
Q

which of the extensor muscles is actually a flexor?

A

brachioradialis

57
Q

what are the 7 extensor muscles?

A
  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digit minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • anconeus
58
Q

where do extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis originate from and insert into?

A
  • ECRL- supracondylar ridge
  • ECRB lateral epicondyle
  • both insert into metacarpal bones II and III
59
Q

where does extensor digitorum originate from and insert into?

A
  • originates from lateral epicondyle

- inserts into extensor hood of each finger

60
Q

where does extensor digit minimi originate from?

A

extensor digitorum

61
Q

where does extensor carpi ulnaris originate from and insert into?

A
  • originates from lateral epicondyle

- inserts into base of metacarpal V

62
Q

what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A
  • supinator
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • extensor indicis
63
Q

what forms the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

supinator muscle

64
Q

which is the only deep muscle of the posterior forearm that does not insert into the thumb and index finger?

A

supinator

65
Q

what is the origin and insertion of supinator?

A
  • originates from lateral epicondyle

- inserts into radius

66
Q

what forms the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?

A
  • medial= tendon of extensor pollicis longus
  • lateral- tendons of abductor pollicis and extensor pollicis brevis
  • proximal= styloid process of radius
  • floor= scaphoid and trapezium
  • roof= skin
67
Q

what are the 2 articulations of the elbow joint?

A
  • trochlear notch of the ulna and trochlea of humerus

- head of radius and capitulum of the humerus

68
Q

where are the thickenings of the elbow joint capsule and what is their function?

A
  • medially and laterally

- form collateral ligaments- stabilise flexing and extending motion of the arm

69
Q

which carpal bones articulate with the distal end of the radius to form the wrist joint?

A

scaphoid, lunate and triquetral

70
Q

what is contained within the subsartorial canal?

A

femoral artery, femoral vein, nerve of vastus medialis and saphenous nerve

71
Q

what are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A
  • superior- inguinal ligament
  • lateral- sartorius
  • medial- adductor longus
  • floor- pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus
  • roof- fascia late
72
Q

what is contained within the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal

73
Q

what does the femoral canal contain?

A

deep lymph nodes and vessels

74
Q

what is contained in the femoral sheath?

A

femoral artery, femoral vein and femoral canal

75
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh innervated by?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

76
Q

what is the general function of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

extend the leg at the knee joint

77
Q

what are the 3 main muscles of the anterior thigh?

A
  • pectineus
  • sartorius
  • quadriceps femoris
78
Q

what 4 muscles does the quadriceps femoris consist of?

A
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus medialis
  • rectus femoris
79
Q

where do the quadriceps femoris muscles attach to?

A

patella

80
Q

where does sartorius attach to?

A

superior medial tibia

81
Q

where does pectineus attach to?

A

posterior femur

82
Q

what is the general function of the muscles of the medial thigh?

A

hip adduction

83
Q

what are the 5 muscles fo the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  • gracilis
  • obturator externus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor Magnus
84
Q

what is the general innervation of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

85
Q

what are the 3 articulations of the hip joint?

A
  • sacroiliac joint
  • pubic symphysis
  • hip joint
86
Q

what are the 3 bones of the pelvis?

A
  • ilium
  • pubis
  • ischium
87
Q

what ligaments link the pelvic bones to the sacrum and coccyx?

A
  • sacrospinous

- sacrotuberous

88
Q

what is the general function of the gluteal muscles?

A

move lower limb at the hip joint

89
Q

what are the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata

90
Q

what nerve innervates gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

91
Q

what nerve innervates gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

A

superior gluteal nerve

92
Q

what are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

piriformis, obturator internus, superior gemelli, inferior gemelli, quadrates femoris

93
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior thigh?

A

sciatic nerve

94
Q

what 3 muscles form the hamstring?

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus

95
Q

what is the nervous and arterial supply to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • nervous- deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)

- arterial supply- anterior tibial artery

96
Q

what is the nervous supply to the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve

97
Q

what is the common function of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint

98
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius (not always present)
99
Q

which muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg extend the toes?

A

extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus

100
Q

what are the 2 perineal muscles and where are they found?

A
  • fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

- lateral compartment of the leg

101
Q

what is the common function of the perineal muscles?

A

eversion- turning the sole of the foot outwards

102
Q

what are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • superomedial- semimembranosus
  • superolateral- biceps femoris
  • inferomedial- medial head of gastrocnemius
  • inferolateral- lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
103
Q

what is contained within the popliteal fossa?

A

popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, comon fibular nerve

104
Q

what 2 muscles are found in the dorsum of the foot?

A
  • extensor digitorum brevis

- extensor hallucis brevis

105
Q

what is pes anserinus?

A

conjoined tendons of semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius

Nicks phase 1 flashcards (16 decks)

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