MSK anatomy Flashcards
what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
what are the insertions of the rotator cuff muscles?
- supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert into greater tubercle of humerus
- subscapularis inserts into lesser tubercle of humerus
where do all the rotator cuff muscles originate from?
scapula
what are the 3 shoulder joints?
- sternoclavicular
- acromioclavicular
- glenohumeral
which muscles contribute to the pectoral/ shoulder girdle?
- trapezius
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid minor
- rhomboid major
function of the trapezius
elevation and depression of scapula, rotates scapula during abduction of humerus
function of levator scapulae
elevates scapula
what is the origin and insertion of the trapezius muscle?
originates from skull, superior nuchal line and the spinous processes of C7-T12, inserts into spine of scapula
function of rhomboid major and minor
elevate and retract scapula
what is the innervation of lattisimus dorsi?
thoracodorsal nerve
what is the function of lattisimus dorsi?
extend, adduct and medially rotate humerus
origin and insertion of deltoid
originates from inferior edge of scapula, lateral margin of acromion, anterior border of 1/3 of clavicle, inserts into deltoid tuberosity of humerus
what nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?
axillary
function of the deltoid
abduct the arm beyond the initial 15’ achieved by the supraspinatus
what are the 6 branches of the axillary artery?
- superior thoracic
- thoracoacromial
- lateral thoracic
- subscapular
- anterior circumflex humeral
- posterior circumflex humeral
what vertebrae does the musculocutaneous nerve arise from and what does it supply?
- c5, c6, c7
- anterior upper arm muscles
what vertebrae does the axillary nerve arise from and what does it supply?
- c5, c6
- teres minor and deltoid
what vertebrae does the median nerve arise from and what does it supply?
- c5, c6, c7, c8, t1
- innervates all flexor muscles in anterior compartment of forearm apart from flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of flexor digitorum profundus (4th and 5th finger)
what vertebrae does the ulnar nerve arise from and what does it supply?
- c8, t1
- supplies flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of flexor digitorum profundus (4th and 5th finger)
what 3 muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis
what does the bicipital aponeurosis form?
roof of the cubital fossa
what is the function of biceps brachii?
supination of forearm, flexes arm at elbow and shoulder
where does the coracobrachialis muscle originate from?
coracoid process of scapula
what is the function of coracobrachialis?
flex the arm at the shoulder
where does the brachialis muscle originate from and insert into?
- originates from humeral shaft
- inserts into ulna tuberosity
function of brachialis
flexion at elbow
what is contained within the posterior compartment of the upper arm?
triceps brachii
what nerve innervates tricep brachii?
radial nerve
where do the superficial and intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm originate from?
medial epicondyle
what are the 4 muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm?
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
what muscle of present in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm?
flexor digitorum superficialis
what is the function of flexor digitorum superficialis?
flexes metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
what are the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicus longus
- protanor quadratus
where does flexor digitorum profundus originate from?
ulna
where does flexor pollicus longus originate from?
radius
where does pronator quadratus originate from?
anterior surface of ulna
how many carpal bones are there?
8
what is the palmar aponeurosis a continuation of?
tendon form palmaris longus of the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm
what is the superficial palmar arch?
termination of ulnar artery with part of the radial artery
what muscles are the flexor tendons formed from?
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
where does the superficialis tendon attach?
splits to be attached either side of the middle phalanx
where does the profundus tendon attach?
passes between gap of the superficialis tendon to insert into base of terminal phalanx
what holds flexor tendons onto front of the finger?
fibrous flexor sheath
why are the flexor tendons enclosed by synovial sheaths?
reduce friction
what are the small muscles of the hand?
- thenar group- abductor policis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis
- adductor pollicis
what is the innervation of the small muscles of the hand?
- thenar group= median nerve
- adductor pollicis= ulnar nerve
what are the muscles of the hypothenar group?
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
what nerve supplies the hypothenar group?
ulnar nerve
what do the lumbrical muscles take origin from?
flexor digitorum profundus tendon
what is the nervous supply of the lumbrical muscles?
- lateral 2 muscles (fingers 2 and 5)- median nerve
- medial 2 muscles (fingers 3 and 4)- ulnar nerve
what is the function of the palmar interossei?
adduction of the digits
what is the function of the dorsal interossei?
abduction of the digits
what is the nervous supply of the palmar and dorsal interossei muscles?
ulnar nerve
what are the 8 carpal bones?
- scaphoid
- lunate
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- capitate
- hamate
- triquetral
- pisiform
what are all the extensor muscles of the posterior forearm innervated by?
radial nerve
which of the extensor muscles is actually a flexor?
brachioradialis
what are the 7 extensor muscles?
- brachioradialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digit minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- anconeus
where do extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis originate from and insert into?
- ECRL- supracondylar ridge
- ECRB lateral epicondyle
- both insert into metacarpal bones II and III
where does extensor digitorum originate from and insert into?
- originates from lateral epicondyle
- inserts into extensor hood of each finger
where does extensor digit minimi originate from?
extensor digitorum
where does extensor carpi ulnaris originate from and insert into?
- originates from lateral epicondyle
- inserts into base of metacarpal V
what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
- supinator
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor indicis
what forms the floor of the cubital fossa?
supinator muscle
which is the only deep muscle of the posterior forearm that does not insert into the thumb and index finger?
supinator
what is the origin and insertion of supinator?
- originates from lateral epicondyle
- inserts into radius
what forms the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?
- medial= tendon of extensor pollicis longus
- lateral- tendons of abductor pollicis and extensor pollicis brevis
- proximal= styloid process of radius
- floor= scaphoid and trapezium
- roof= skin
what are the 2 articulations of the elbow joint?
- trochlear notch of the ulna and trochlea of humerus
- head of radius and capitulum of the humerus
where are the thickenings of the elbow joint capsule and what is their function?
- medially and laterally
- form collateral ligaments- stabilise flexing and extending motion of the arm
which carpal bones articulate with the distal end of the radius to form the wrist joint?
scaphoid, lunate and triquetral
what is contained within the subsartorial canal?
femoral artery, femoral vein, nerve of vastus medialis and saphenous nerve
what are the borders of the femoral triangle?
- superior- inguinal ligament
- lateral- sartorius
- medial- adductor longus
- floor- pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus
- roof- fascia late
what is contained within the femoral triangle?
femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal
what does the femoral canal contain?
deep lymph nodes and vessels
what is contained in the femoral sheath?
femoral artery, femoral vein and femoral canal
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh innervated by?
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
what is the general function of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
extend the leg at the knee joint
what are the 3 main muscles of the anterior thigh?
- pectineus
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris
what 4 muscles does the quadriceps femoris consist of?
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
- rectus femoris
where do the quadriceps femoris muscles attach to?
patella
where does sartorius attach to?
superior medial tibia
where does pectineus attach to?
posterior femur
what is the general function of the muscles of the medial thigh?
hip adduction
what are the 5 muscles fo the medial compartment of the thigh?
- gracilis
- obturator externus
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor Magnus
what is the general innervation of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator nerve (L2-L4)
what are the 3 articulations of the hip joint?
- sacroiliac joint
- pubic symphysis
- hip joint
what are the 3 bones of the pelvis?
- ilium
- pubis
- ischium
what ligaments link the pelvic bones to the sacrum and coccyx?
- sacrospinous
- sacrotuberous
what is the general function of the gluteal muscles?
move lower limb at the hip joint
what are the superficial gluteal muscles?
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata
what nerve innervates gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal nerve
what nerve innervates gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?
superior gluteal nerve
what are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
piriformis, obturator internus, superior gemelli, inferior gemelli, quadrates femoris
what is the innervation of the posterior thigh?
sciatic nerve
what 3 muscles form the hamstring?
biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
what is the nervous and arterial supply to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
- nervous- deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)
- arterial supply- anterior tibial artery
what is the nervous supply to the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve
what is the common function of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint
what are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
- extensor digitorum longus
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- fibularis tertius (not always present)
which muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg extend the toes?
extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus
what are the 2 perineal muscles and where are they found?
- fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
- lateral compartment of the leg
what is the common function of the perineal muscles?
eversion- turning the sole of the foot outwards
what are the borders of the popliteal fossa?
- superomedial- semimembranosus
- superolateral- biceps femoris
- inferomedial- medial head of gastrocnemius
- inferolateral- lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
what is contained within the popliteal fossa?
popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, comon fibular nerve
what 2 muscles are found in the dorsum of the foot?
- extensor digitorum brevis
- extensor hallucis brevis
what is pes anserinus?
conjoined tendons of semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius
