Sugars + carbohydrates

Question 1

what is a monosaccharide and its characteristics

Answer 1

simplest form of carb
colourless
water-soluble
crystal solids
sweet tasting

Question 2

what is a disaccharide how is it made

Answer 2

2 monosaccharides joined together

glycosidic bond formed+ H20 molecule released during condensation

Question 3

what are 2 molecules made of glucose

Answer 3

sucrose

fructose

Question 4

what is the structure of fructose

Answer 4

linked by alpha 1,2 glycosidic bond

Question 5

what is a aldose functional group + give a exmaple

Answer 5

Monosaccharides containing aldehyde group

glucose

Question 6

what is a ketose functional group + give a example

Answer 6

Monosaccharides containing ketone group

fructose

Question 7

what 2 molecules are isomers + why

Answer 7

glucose + fructose

same chemical formula but different atomic arrangement

Question 8

what 2 forms can glucose exist in

Answer 8

D-glucose = biological active
L-glucose = mirror image of D-glucose

Question 9

Draw D-glucose + L-glucose + show the difference

Answer 9

see biochem diagrams
D-glucose - OH on right
L-glucose - OH on left

Question 10

what is a anomer

Answer 10

stereoisomer of sugar with different orientation of OH group on C1

Question 11

what is mutaroration

Answer 11

change in optical rotation -> change in eqbm between 2 anomers

Question 12

what is a amino sugar

Answer 12

hydroxyl group replaced by primary amine group

Question 13

what is a deoxy sugar

Answer 13

hydroxyl group replaced by H atom

Question 14

what is a sugar acid

Answer 14

hydroxyl group oxidised to carbonyl group

Question 15

what is a sugar alcohol

Answer 15

carbonyl group reduced to primary/secondary hydroxyl group

Question 16

what is a phosphorylated sugar

Answer 16

Pi group attached to sugar formed when hydroxyl group esterified with phosphoric acid