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BDS year 1 - biochemistry > Lipids + fatty acids > Flashcards

Lipids + fatty acids Flashcards

1
Q

Why are lipids insoluble in water + why, and what are they soluble in

A

Hydrophobic–> consist hydrocarbons that form non-polar covalent bonds
soluble in organic solvents

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2
Q

what are fatty acids used for

A

broken down to generate ATP

synthesise triglycerides + phospholipids

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3
Q

what are triglycerides used for

A

energy storage
protection
insulation

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4
Q

where are phospholipids found

A

in plasma membrane

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5
Q

what are steroids used for

A

cholesterol + hormone components

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6
Q

what is a fatty acid

A

long hydrocarbon chain with carboxylate group

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7
Q

what is saturated fatty acid

A

NO DOUBLE BOND between carbons

solid –> hydrocarbon chain is straight so pack more tight together

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8
Q

what is a unsaturated fatty acid

A

AT LEAST 1 double bonds between carbons

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9
Q

what is cis unsaturated fatty acid

A

carbon atoms in double bond have H atom on same side of double bond
natural

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10
Q

what is trans unsaturated fatty acid

A

carbon atoms in double bond have H atom on opposite side of double bond

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11
Q

describe the characteristics of palmitic acid

A

hydrophobic
non-polar hydrocarbon chain
hydrophilic negative charged carboxylic group – associates with water
saturated

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12
Q

describe the characteristics of oleic acid

A

monounsaturated
kink in chain = rigid so cannot rotate
can’t pack tightly together
liquid at room temp

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13
Q

what is triglyceride made of

A

3 fatty acids

1 glycerol

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14
Q

what are triglycerides used for

A

energy source
globular –> good storage
transport of lipids

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15
Q

what are adipocytes + why are they important for triglycerides

A

synthesis + storage of triglycerides

adipocytes found in subcutaneous layer in abdominal cavity

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16
Q

what are phospholipids made of

A

1 glycerol
2 fatty acids
1 phosphate group

17
Q

why are phospholipids called amphipathic

A

fatty acid tail = hydrophobic

phosphate head = hydrophilic

18
Q

how much of cell membrane is made of phospholipids

A

50% - in bilayer

19
Q

how much of cell membrane is made of cholesterol + what is it used for

A

20%
membrane less flexible
reduces permeability of membrane

20
Q

what are glycolipids made of

A

2 long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails

1 or more polar sugar

21
Q

how much of cell membrane is made of glycolipids + what is their function

A

5%

protect + control function of membrane

22
Q

where else are glycolipids used in different cells

A

insulating agent in nerve cells

23
Q

what are steroids made up of + 1 example of steroid

A

4 carbon rings

Cholesterol

24
Q

what hormones are synthesised from cholesterol

A

testosterone
oestrogen
cortisol

25
Q

why are lipoproteins used in the body

A

lipids are insoluble in water so transported in plasma as lipoproteins
lipoprotein carries fatty acid in blood + around body to cells

26
Q

what are apoproteins

A

protein component of lipoproteins

they interact with cellular receptors + determine metabolic rate of lipoprotein

27
Q

what are essential fatty acids

A

needed in human diet but can’t be synthesised so must come from food

28
Q

what are examples of essential fatty acids + where can they be obtained

A

alpha linoleic acid + linoleic acid in forms of omega 3 + 6

oily fish, rapeseed oil + leafy vegetables

29
Q

what are symptoms of deficiency in essential fatty acids

A

dry scaly rash
decreased growth
poor immunity + wound healing

30
Q

what is lipolysis + what happens after it + where does it occur

A

breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol + fatty acids + release of energy
free fatty acids released into blood + circulate the body
muscle liver + adipose tissue to produce ATP

31
Q

how does lipolysis breakdown a triglyceride

A

hydrolysed into glycerol + 3 fatty acids

using water + lipase

32
Q

how is lipolysis used to break down glycerol + fatty acids

A

glycerol –> glucose + enters glycolysis to make ATP

fatty acids –> acetyl coA + enters Krebs cycle

33
Q

what is lipogenesis + where does it occur

A

synthesis of lipids

liver + adipose tissue

34
Q

how is excess glucose linked to lipogenesis

A

excess glucose –> glycogen + triglycerides

in muscle + liver

35
Q

how is fructose linked to lipogenesis

A

fructose –> glycogen + triglycerides
by liver
linked to obesity

BDS year 1 - biochemistry (14 decks)

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