oxidative metabolism

Question 1

where does glycolysis + TCA cycle occur

Answer 1

glycolysis - cytosol
TCA - mitochondrial matrix
inner membrane/cristae permeable to pyruvate BUT NOT NAD/fatty acids

Question 2

what are NAD + FAD used for in oxidative metabolism

Answer 2

NAD - used to oxidise oxygen-containing grapes (aldehyde/alcohol)
FAD - oxidise C-C bond

Question 3

what is the oxidative decarboxylation reaction

Answer 3

pyruvate + NAD + HSCoA –> Acetyl CoA + NADH + CO2
catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)
exergonic reaction

Question 4

what is PDC + what is it made up of

Answer 4

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

1. lipoid reductase transacetylase
2. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
3. pyruvate decarboxylase

Question 5

what does PDC do and which is it needed

Answer 5

catalyses irreversible conversion of pyruvate –> acetyl CoA

imp = allows glucose to be completely oxidised to CO2

Question 6

how is PDC regulated and how is it inhibited

Answer 6

inhibited by acetyl CoA + NADH by phosphorylation

regulated by covalent modification by de/phosphorylation

Question 7

how does PDC work

Answer 7

PDC supplies acetyl CoA to TCA cycle to convert into citrate
when glucose level high – citrate exported from mito-> cytosol
citrate converted back to acetyl CoA –> malonyl CoA (fatty acid synthesis precursor)
rise in malonyl CoA inhibits fatty acid oxidation

Question 8

how are NADH + FADH2 made and used in the ETC

Answer 8

glycolysis, TCA cycle + fatty acid oxidation make them

NADH+ FADH2 donate electrons to ETC

Question 9

what is ETC mainly made of

Answer 9

several large proteins complexes with ubiquinone + cytochrome C

Question 10

how many ATP made per 1 glucose

Answer 10

30 or 32 ATP