Catalysis + use of energy Flashcards
what is a carrier molecule
molecule with energy rich covalent bonds where energy stored
diffuse rapid throughout cell for biosynthesis + activities
how do coenzyme or activated carrier molecule store energy
easily exchangeable form
as chemical groups or high energy electrons
what does ATP mean
adenosine triphosphate
how are the phosphate bonds linked in ATP
by phosphoanhydride bonds
which release large energy amount when broken down
why is the terminal phosphate group frequently split off by hyrolysis
transport itself to other molecules
releases energy for biosynthetic routes
how much energy released by ATP hydrolysis
-7.3kcal –> drive energetically unfavourable reaction
what other can ADP can ATP be hydrolysed to
AMP + PPi (pyrophosphate)
which is hydrolysed again –> gives more energy
what does NAD stand for
Nicotinamide dinucleotide
what is NAD and where is it used
coenzyme/ activated carrier molecule
used in oxidation/reduction reactions
carry high energy electrons + H atoms
what does coA do + acetyl coA do
caries acetyl group is ready transfer linkage to form acetyl coA
acetyl coA adds 2 C atoms in biosynthesis of larger molecules
ATP coenzyme carries what group
phosphate
NADH + FADH carry what group
electrons + hydrogens
Acetyl coA carries what group
acetyl
carboxylated biotin carries what group
carboxyl
S adenosylmethionine carries what group
methyl
uridine diphosphate glucose carries what group
glucose
what does catabolism mean + why is it need
breakdown of complex molecules by living organisms with release of energy
generate useful forms of energy for the cell + make small molecules the cell needs
what is anabolism mean
constructive biochemical processes in living organisms
involves formation of complex molecules from simpler ones for energy storage
what is the energy released from catabolism used for
synthesis of molecules
what is free energy
measure of energy contained in a molecule
due to vibration, rotation + energy stored in bonds that can be broken
what does delta G mean
change in free energy occurring in reaction
what does exergonic mean
metabolic/chemical process accompanied by release of energy
what does endergonic mean
metabolism/chemical process accompanied or needing energy absorption
what is the change in free energy for a exergonic reaction + why is it important
negative delta G
negative delta G needed for a reaction to be spontaneous (energetically favourable reaction is spontaneous)
what is the change in free energy for a endergonic reaction
positive delta G
what is a catalyst and what is its role
substance that can lower the a nivation energy of a reaction
increases Ror –> larger proportion of molecules to have energy greater the Ea needed for successful collision
what is a coupled reaction
energetically favourable reaction used to drive energicatlly unfavourable reaction
involves production of activated carrier molecule or energy storage molecule
give a example of a energetically favourable + unfavourable reaction
oxidation of glucose = favourable
joining 2 AA together = unfavourable
