Catalysis + use of energy

Question 1

what is a carrier molecule

Answer 1

molecule with energy rich covalent bonds where energy stored

diffuse rapid throughout cell for biosynthesis + activities

Question 2

how do coenzyme or activated carrier molecule store energy

Answer 2

easily exchangeable form

as chemical groups or high energy electrons

Question 3

what does ATP mean

Answer 3

adenosine triphosphate

Question 4

how are the phosphate bonds linked in ATP

Answer 4

by phosphoanhydride bonds

which release large energy amount when broken down

Question 5

why is the terminal phosphate group frequently split off by hyrolysis

Answer 5

transport itself to other molecules

releases energy for biosynthetic routes

Question 6

how much energy released by ATP hydrolysis

Answer 6

-7.3kcal –> drive energetically unfavourable reaction

Question 7

what other can ADP can ATP be hydrolysed to

Answer 7

AMP + PPi (pyrophosphate)

which is hydrolysed again –> gives more energy

Question 8

what does NAD stand for

Answer 8

Nicotinamide dinucleotide

Question 9

what is NAD and where is it used

Answer 9

coenzyme/ activated carrier molecule
used in oxidation/reduction reactions
carry high energy electrons + H atoms

Question 10

what does coA do + acetyl coA do

Answer 10

caries acetyl group is ready transfer linkage to form acetyl coA
acetyl coA adds 2 C atoms in biosynthesis of larger molecules

Question 11

ATP coenzyme carries what group

Answer 11

phosphate

Question 12

NADH + FADH carry what group

Answer 12

electrons + hydrogens

Question 13

Acetyl coA carries what group

Answer 13

acetyl

Question 14

carboxylated biotin carries what group

Answer 14

carboxyl

Question 15

S adenosylmethionine carries what group

Answer 15

methyl

Question 16

uridine diphosphate glucose carries what group

Answer 16

glucose

Question 17

what does catabolism mean + why is it need

Answer 17

breakdown of complex molecules by living organisms with release of energy
generate useful forms of energy for the cell + make small molecules the cell needs

Question 18

what is anabolism mean

Answer 18

constructive biochemical processes in living organisms

involves formation of complex molecules from simpler ones for energy storage

Question 19

what is the energy released from catabolism used for

Answer 19

synthesis of molecules

Question 20

what is free energy

Answer 20

measure of energy contained in a molecule

due to vibration, rotation + energy stored in bonds that can be broken

Question 21

what does delta G mean

Answer 21

change in free energy occurring in reaction

Question 22

what does exergonic mean

Answer 22

metabolic/chemical process accompanied by release of energy

Question 23

what does endergonic mean

Answer 23

metabolism/chemical process accompanied or needing energy absorption

Question 24

what is the change in free energy for a exergonic reaction + why is it important

Answer 24

negative delta G

negative delta G needed for a reaction to be spontaneous (energetically favourable reaction is spontaneous)

Question 25

what is the change in free energy for a endergonic reaction

Answer 25

positive delta G

Question 26

what is a catalyst and what is its role

Answer 26

substance that can lower the a nivation energy of a reaction

increases Ror –> larger proportion of molecules to have energy greater the Ea needed for successful collision

Question 27

what is a coupled reaction

Answer 27

energetically favourable reaction used to drive energicatlly unfavourable reaction
involves production of activated carrier molecule or energy storage molecule

Question 28

give a example of a energetically favourable + unfavourable reaction

Answer 28

oxidation of glucose = favourable

joining 2 AA together = unfavourable