Sudden Onset Vision Loss

Question 1

what are the clinical features of corneal abrasion

Answer 1

causes - dry eye, foreign bodies, injury, contacts

symptoms - pain, gritty feeling, tearing, redness, sensitive to light, headache

Question 2

how do you diagnose corneal abrasion

Answer 2

corneal staining

Question 3

what are the clinical features of scleritis

Answer 3

female MC
30-60 years old

causes
autoimmune - AS, RA, IBD, polyarteritis nodosa, SLE
granulomatous - TB, syphilis, sarcoidosis

Question 4

what are the clinical features of episcleritis

Answer 4

inflammation of transparent superficial sclera tissue between sclera and conjunctiva

causes - causes
autoimmune - AS, RA, IBD, polyarteritis nodosa, SLE
granulomatous - TB, syphilis, sarcoidosis

symptoms - pain, redness, photophobia, vision loss, tender on palpation

Question 5

which is more painful

episcleritis or scleritis

Answer 5

scleritis is more painful

Question 6

what are the clinical features of iritis

Answer 6

causes
autoimmune - AS, Reiters, IBD
granulomatous infection
blunt trauma

symptoms - vision deficit, pain, PUPIL CONSTRICTED, pus in anterior chamber (hypopyon)

Question 7

what are the clinical features of acute angle glaucoma

Answer 7

severe eye pain
blurred vision 
haloes 
nausea 
steamy cornea 
PUPIL MID DILATED

Question 8

what are the clinical features of conjunctivits

Answer 8

viral
bacterial
allergic

discharge
diffuse red injection
minimal pain
small vision deficit

Question 9

what are the clinical features of transient ischemic attack

Answer 9

numbness and weakness or face, extremities, and ONE SIDE OF THE BODY

confusion
difficulty talking and walking
MONOCULAR vision loss
dizziness

Question 10

what are the clinical features of migraines

Answer 10

prodrome - aura
- flashes of light or blind spots

tingling in arms and legs 
headache 
nausea and vomiting 
photosensitive 
sensitive to sound

Question 11

what are the clinical features of WET age related macular degeneration

Answer 11

symptoms sudden or worsen rapidly 
vision distorted 
CENTRAL VISION LOSS ONLY 
decrease intensity of colors 
blurry spot or blind spot 
hazy vision

Question 12

what are clinical features of retinal detachment

Answer 12

flashing lights 
wavy or watery vision 
curtain obstructing vision 
shower of floaters - resemble spots, bugs, webs 
shower of sparks 
sudden decrease in vision

Question 13

what are the clinical features of optic neuritis

Answer 13

inflammation of optic nerve

pain
vision deficit
blurring of disc borders - papilititis

Question 14

optic neuritis is seen in what condition

Answer 14

MS

Question 15

what is the difference between papilledema, papilitis, retrobulbar neuritis

Answer 15

papilledema - blind spot, hyperemic disc, engorged and tortuous VEINS, hemorrhages around disc

papillits - central or paracentral scotoma, maybe blindness, hyperemic disc, engorged vessels, depressed pupil light reflex, hemorrhages on opitc nerve head

retrobulbar neuritis - scotoma, maybe blindness, depressed pupil light reflex

Question 16

what are the clinical features of vascular occlusion

Answer 16

sudden onset vision loss 
painless 
non reactive pupil to light
pale optic disc 
cherry red spot

Question 17

what are the clinical features of giant cell arteritis

Answer 17

age onset of 50
new headache
temporal artery tenderness
ESR of 50 mm/h

temporal artery biopsy - vasculitis with mononuclear infiltrates, granulomas, and multinucleated giant cells

Question 18

what is the myopic crescent

Answer 18

also called myopic conus or myopic crescent

white area of sclera seen adjacent to temporal optic disc

pathological for myopia

choroid and retina atrophy in crescent area so sclera can be seen

Question 19

which form of macular degeneration is SUDDEN onset

Answer 19

WET macular degeneration