ENT Flashcards
during the weber hearing test, what vibrating tuning fork is used
512
lateralized to side best heard
air conduction greater than bone conduction
bone conduction greater than air conduction
sensorineuro loss on other side
conductive loss on same side
otitis externa symptoms
itching redness outer canal ear canal swelling drainage possible painful - palpation or chewing hearing affected if canal swollen
what is another name for otitis externa
swimmers ear
what is another name for otitis media with effusion
serous otitis media
secretory otitis media
otitis media with effusion causes
eustachian dysfunction - air absorbed with transudate entering middle ear
collection of serous, mucoid, purulent
otitis media with effusion occurs in what population
6 months to 3 years old
infants
otitis media with effusion physical findings
retracted membrane
yellow fluid in membrane with tympanum intact
ossicles more pronounced
fluid behind tympanum (effusion)
air fluid levels or bubbles
distorted light reflex
hearing loss possible
what is the course of otitis media with effusion
1-3 months
what is another name for acute otitis media
suppurative otitis media
acute otitis media causes
bacterial infection
- streptococcus pneumoniae
- haemophilus influenzae
- moraxella catarrhalis
otitis media with effusion symptoms
ABSENCE of acute symptoms
NON infected serous fluid - no inflammation
sticking and crackling
discomfort and fullness
NO pain
acute otitis media symptoms
ABRUPT onset
sensation of blockage
tugging ear lobe
deep internal aching that affects ADLs and sleeping
fever and nausea
acute otitis media physical findings
hearing loss possible discharge possible with tympanic rupture tympanum erythema bulging tympanum distorted light reflex
acute otitis media vs middle ear effusion symptoms
initial pain discharge hearing inspection
AOM
- abrupt onset, fever, feeling of fullness
- deep seated earache, pulling on ear
- discharge only if membrane ruptures
- conduction loss when filled with pus
- membrane erythema, bulging, or absent movement
MEE
- crackling sounds
- discomfort, fullness feeling
- no discharge
- conductive loss when filled with fluid
- membrane retracted, yellowish, air fluid levels, bubbles, impaired movement
tympanum perforation is due to what
prognosis
due to trauma
cotton swabs, slap injury, and infection
ear tubes - more likely to heal
infection - less likely to heal
reduced motion of tympanum due to what
perforation
otitis media with effusion
what is calcification of only the tympanum called
what is calcification of tympanum and ossicle chain
hearing loss??
causes
myringosclerosis - hearing loss uncommon
tympanosclerosis - hearing loss common
acute or chronic otitis media
what is calcification of the ossicles
what are the causes
otosclerosis
degenerative - change to spongy bone and become immovable
what is the most common conductive loss in young adults 18-40
otosclerosis
what are the symptoms of otosclerosis
gradual hearing loss
patient doesn’t notice deficit
tinnitus possible
dizziness and vertigo possible
what imaging do you use for otosclerosis
CT
what causes aphthous ulcers
how long do they last
infection, hormones, stress
iron, b12, folate deficit
IBD and celiacs
lasts 1-2 weeks
what is atrophic glossitits
filiform papillae atrophy
smooth glossy red pink tongue
what causes atrophic glossitits
diabetes and meds
deficits - folate, b12, iron, riboflavin, niacin
what is geographic tongue
another name
describe
where
benign migratory glossitis
irregular shaped erythema patches
filiform papillae atrophy
on tip and lateral borders of tongue
white borders
what is torus palatinus
benign tumor
asymptomatic
what is leukoplakia
results from what
what does it indicate
thickened white patches on gums, cheeks, and tongue
pain free usually
result from chronic irritation - rough teeth or smoking
premalignant
what is oral lichen planus
inflammation of mucous membranes - cheek, tongue, palate, gingiva
painless - maybe burning
whitish streaks, lacy, reticular pattern
change in taste - hot and cold sensitivity - spicy foods
premalignant
what is oral thrush
occurs in what people
creamy white lesions on tongue and inner cheeks - cottage cheese
maybe painful or bleed
infants, toddlers, immune compromised
what is strep
fever greater than 105
tonsillopharyngeal erythema and exudate
swollen tender anterior cervical adenopathy
headache
emesis
palatal petechiae
difficult swallowing
NO cough or rhinorrhea
what is infectious mononucleosis
most common ages 15-30
fever, sore throat, malaise
physical injection and exudate
posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
what is pharyngitis
bacteria mc
NO rhinorrhea, cough, conjunctivitis
parotid gland duct
submandibular gland duct
sublingual gland duct
parotid gland - stensens duct - adjacent to 2nd maxillary molar
submandibular -
whartons duct - adjacent to frenulum
sublingual - under tongue
salivary gland enlargement
viral infection
- mumps and HIV
ductal obstruction
tumors
sjorgens syndrome
sinusitis symptoms
headaches when you wake up
aggravated bending forward
tenderness to touch
nasal drainage/post nasal drip
fever
what are referral patterns for sinuses
maxilla - cheek
frontal - forehead
ethmoid - upper face and retro-orbital
sphenoid - top of head and occiput
