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Physical Diagnosis > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

during the weber hearing test, what vibrating tuning fork is used

A

512

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2
Q

lateralized to side best heard

air conduction greater than bone conduction

bone conduction greater than air conduction

A

sensorineuro loss on other side

conductive loss on same side

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3
Q

otitis externa symptoms

A 
itching 
redness outer canal 
ear canal swelling 
drainage possible 
painful - palpation or chewing 
hearing affected if canal swollen
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4
Q

what is another name for otitis externa

A

swimmers ear

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5
Q

what is another name for otitis media with effusion

A

serous otitis media

secretory otitis media

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6
Q

otitis media with effusion causes

A

eustachian dysfunction - air absorbed with transudate entering middle ear

collection of serous, mucoid, purulent

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7
Q

otitis media with effusion occurs in what population

A

6 months to 3 years old

infants

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8
Q

otitis media with effusion physical findings

A

retracted membrane

yellow fluid in membrane with tympanum intact

ossicles more pronounced

fluid behind tympanum (effusion)

air fluid levels or bubbles

distorted light reflex

hearing loss possible

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9
Q

what is the course of otitis media with effusion

A

1-3 months

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10
Q

what is another name for acute otitis media

A

suppurative otitis media

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11
Q

acute otitis media causes

A

bacterial infection

  • streptococcus pneumoniae
  • haemophilus influenzae
  • moraxella catarrhalis
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12
Q

otitis media with effusion symptoms

A

ABSENCE of acute symptoms

NON infected serous fluid - no inflammation

sticking and crackling
discomfort and fullness

NO pain

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13
Q

acute otitis media symptoms

A

ABRUPT onset

sensation of blockage

tugging ear lobe

deep internal aching that affects ADLs and sleeping

fever and nausea

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14
Q

acute otitis media physical findings

A 
hearing loss possible 
discharge possible with tympanic rupture 
tympanum erythema 
bulging tympanum 
distorted light reflex
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15
Q

acute otitis media vs middle ear effusion symptoms

initial 
pain 
discharge 
hearing 
inspection
A

AOM

  • abrupt onset, fever, feeling of fullness
  • deep seated earache, pulling on ear
  • discharge only if membrane ruptures
  • conduction loss when filled with pus
  • membrane erythema, bulging, or absent movement

MEE

  • crackling sounds
  • discomfort, fullness feeling
  • no discharge
  • conductive loss when filled with fluid
  • membrane retracted, yellowish, air fluid levels, bubbles, impaired movement
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16
Q

tympanum perforation is due to what

prognosis

A

due to trauma

cotton swabs, slap injury, and infection

ear tubes - more likely to heal

infection - less likely to heal

17
Q

reduced motion of tympanum due to what

A

perforation

otitis media with effusion

18
Q

what is calcification of only the tympanum called

what is calcification of tympanum and ossicle chain

hearing loss??

causes

A

myringosclerosis - hearing loss uncommon

tympanosclerosis - hearing loss common

acute or chronic otitis media

19
Q

what is calcification of the ossicles

what are the causes

A

otosclerosis

degenerative - change to spongy bone and become immovable

20
Q

what is the most common conductive loss in young adults 18-40

A

otosclerosis

21
Q

what are the symptoms of otosclerosis

A

gradual hearing loss

patient doesn’t notice deficit

tinnitus possible

dizziness and vertigo possible

22
Q

what imaging do you use for otosclerosis

A

CT

23
Q

what causes aphthous ulcers

how long do they last

A

infection, hormones, stress

iron, b12, folate deficit
IBD and celiacs

lasts 1-2 weeks

24
Q

what is atrophic glossitits

A

filiform papillae atrophy

smooth glossy red pink tongue

25
Q

what causes atrophic glossitits

A

diabetes and meds

deficits - folate, b12, iron, riboflavin, niacin

26
Q

what is geographic tongue

another name

describe

where

A

benign migratory glossitis

irregular shaped erythema patches

filiform papillae atrophy

on tip and lateral borders of tongue

white borders

27
Q

what is torus palatinus

A

benign tumor

asymptomatic

28
Q

what is leukoplakia

results from what

what does it indicate

A

thickened white patches on gums, cheeks, and tongue

pain free usually

result from chronic irritation - rough teeth or smoking

premalignant

29
Q

what is oral lichen planus

A

inflammation of mucous membranes - cheek, tongue, palate, gingiva

painless - maybe burning

whitish streaks, lacy, reticular pattern

change in taste - hot and cold sensitivity - spicy foods

premalignant

30
Q

what is oral thrush

occurs in what people

A

creamy white lesions on tongue and inner cheeks - cottage cheese

maybe painful or bleed

infants, toddlers, immune compromised

31
Q

what is strep

A

fever greater than 105

tonsillopharyngeal erythema and exudate

swollen tender anterior cervical adenopathy

headache

emesis

palatal petechiae

difficult swallowing

NO cough or rhinorrhea

32
Q

what is infectious mononucleosis

A

most common ages 15-30

fever, sore throat, malaise

physical injection and exudate

posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

hepatosplenomegaly

33
Q

what is pharyngitis

A

bacteria mc

NO rhinorrhea, cough, conjunctivitis

34
Q

parotid gland duct

submandibular gland duct

sublingual gland duct

A

parotid gland - stensens duct - adjacent to 2nd maxillary molar

submandibular -
whartons duct - adjacent to frenulum

sublingual - under tongue

35
Q

salivary gland enlargement

A

viral infection
- mumps and HIV

ductal obstruction

tumors

sjorgens syndrome

36
Q

sinusitis symptoms

A

headaches when you wake up

aggravated bending forward

tenderness to touch

nasal drainage/post nasal drip

fever

37
Q

what are referral patterns for sinuses

A

maxilla - cheek
frontal - forehead
ethmoid - upper face and retro-orbital
sphenoid - top of head and occiput

Physical Diagnosis (18 decks)

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