Male Exam Flashcards
what are the characteristics of varicocele
MC scrotal mass
15-20% of males
maybe asymptomatic
LEFT sided
what are the characteristics of hydroceles
congenital
10% of male infants
ages 2-5 –> result from orchitis and epididymitis
older men > 40 –> result from infection, trauma, cancer
transilluminates
what are the characteristics of orchitis
sudden onset of pain
swelling and tenderness
nausea and vomiting
genitourinary infections
granulomatous - gonorrhea, syphilis, tb
viral - mumps (20-35%)
proteinuria and hematuria
what are the characteristics of epididymitis
caused by ascending infection, urethritis, prostatis
gradual onset of pain
fever
urethral discharge
very painful and swelling
testes enlarged
scrotum may be red
scrotum elevation decreases pain
what condition has pyruia present
epididymitis
what are the characteristics of testicular torsion
sudden onset of severe unilateral scortal pain, vomiting/nausea, abdominal pain, fever, urinary frequency
young males - 13-17 years
occurs during activity, trauma, sleep
50% have had a previous episode
loss of cremasteric reflex
one testicle is higher than the other
any young male with acute scrotal pain should be considered to have what until proven otherwise
testicular torsion
inguinal hernias occur most often in who
males 9:1
femoral hernias occur most often
females 3:1
what is the congenital or oblique hernia
indirect hernia
what is the acquired hernia
direct hernia
what is the most common hernia in both sexes
indirect
which hernia is felt on the tip of the finger
indirect
which hernia is felt on the pad or side of the finger
direct
which hernia is more symptomatic
indirect - most symptomatic due to incarceration and strangulation
direct is less symptomatic
which hernia occurs in the hesselbach triange
direct
medially - rectus ab.
inferiorly - inguinal lig
laterally - inferior epigastric vessels
what hernia has the intestines come through the canal and maybe in the scrotum
indirect
what are the characteristics of BPH
weak urine flow frequent urination nocturia - night urination hesitation - trouble starting and stopping cant completely empty bladder pushing or straining urgency - sudden urge pain or burning during urination dribbling with urination
what are the more serious complications of BPH
blood in urine
recurrent UTIs
backup urine to kidney
acute urinary retention
what are the characteristics of prostatitis
fever urgency dysuria - pain/burning hesitancy pain in low back, perineal area, lower abs, groin pain is worse with bowel movement
what are signs of prostatitis
tender enlarged median furrow may disappear boggy hot
which condition will you see hematuria
prostatitis
and
prostate cancer
(orchitis will have hematuria but also proteinuria)
what are the characteristics of prostatic cancer
early - no signs or symptoms
metastatic - with or without symptoms
dull pain in lower pelvis lower back pain upper thigh pain bone pain loss of appetite/wt loss frequency, dysuria, pain/burning, weak flow, and painful ejaculation
what are the benefits of PSA
detects CA long before symptoms
early detection before it has spread outside the gland makes treatment easier
