Eye exam Flashcards
what is a stye
what glands are affected
what does it look like
external hordeolum
zeis and moll
(top of tarsal plate points outward)
tender, red mass near lid margins
what is a xanthelasma
what causes this
what does it look like
benign or malignant
yellowish plaque on medial upper eye lid
accumulation of lipid laden macrophages due to increased lipid blood levels
benign
what is blepharitis
what glands are affected
what causes this
symptoms
scaling crusting eye lid borders
meibomian glands
bacterial, allergies, inflammation, malfunctioning gland
itching with no vision loss
what is ectropion
symptoms
eversion of eye lid
burning and tearing
what is entropion
symptoms
inversion of lid
burning and tearing and irritation with blinking
what causes conjunctivitis
symptoms
viral, bacterial, allergies
discharge, diffuse injection, minimal pain and minimal vision loss
acute glaucoma is also called
closed angle glaucoma
acute glaucoma symptoms
severe eye pain blurred vision circumcorneal injection halos nausea edematous cornea - steamy cornea IOP increased pupil fixed and mid dilated
subconjunctival hemorrhage symptoms
causes
hypermeia
painless
no vision change
resolves 1-3 weeks
hypertension, blood dyscrasia, valsalva
what is corneal arcus
blue gray ring associated with hyperlipidemia
scleritis and epislceritis occur in what diseases
collagen diseases
TB
syphilis
sarcoidosis
what are symptoms of scleritis and episcleritis
photophobia
slight vision loss
palpatory tenderness
the red reflex may indicate
cataracts
vitreous hemorrhage
retinal detachment
where is optic disc located
15-20* nasal to central axis
how many branches come off the central retinal artery
4 branches
where is macular area located
2 disc diameters lateral to the disc
optic atrophy occurs in what
MS and chronic glaucoma
hyperemic occurs in what
papilledema and severe hypertension
chronic glaucoma is indicated by what
cup to disc ration greater than 50%
increased broadening light reflex indicates what
what is normal
arteriosclerosis
normal - 1:4
what does av nicking suggest
arteriosclerosis
flame shaped or linear/splinter shaped hemorrhages are seen in what
hypertension and diabetes
punctate or blot dot hemorrhages are seen in what
diabetic retinopathy
neovascularization on fundoscopic exam is seen in what
proliferative diabetes
cotton wool exudates are seen in what
hypertension and diabetes
hard exudates are seen in what
hypertension and diabetes
optic macula is located where
what does it look like
2 disc diameters temporal to optic nerve head or disc
no distinct borders, dark area located within the macula
where are concentration of rods and cones located
macula
what is most sensitive to vision and has the best color vision
fovea centralis/macula lutea
what is the central axis of the eye during the fundoscopic exam
optic macula / fovea
abnormal pigment or lesions noted in macula
age related macular degeneration
vessels are __ as they approach the disc
compare arteries and veins
larger
arteries larger than veins
which lens number on the ophthalmoscope is used for cornea, fundus, and behind the retina
cornea - black 20
fundus - 0
behind retina - red
which view or light on the opthalmoscope is used for different situations
small light
large light
green light
slit aperture
small light - undilated pupil
large light - dilated pupil
green light - blood vessels and hemorrhages appear darker
slit aperture - determines the elevation of lesions
how do you approach your patient on fundoscopic exam
15-30*
