Eye exam Flashcards

1
Q

what is a stye

what glands are affected

what does it look like

A

external hordeolum

zeis and moll

(top of tarsal plate points outward)

tender, red mass near lid margins

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2
Q

what is a xanthelasma

what causes this

what does it look like

benign or malignant

A

yellowish plaque on medial upper eye lid

accumulation of lipid laden macrophages due to increased lipid blood levels

benign

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3
Q

what is blepharitis

what glands are affected

what causes this

symptoms

A

scaling crusting eye lid borders

meibomian glands

bacterial, allergies, inflammation, malfunctioning gland

itching with no vision loss

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4
Q

what is ectropion

symptoms

A

eversion of eye lid

burning and tearing

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5
Q

what is entropion

symptoms

A

inversion of lid

burning and tearing and irritation with blinking

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6
Q

what causes conjunctivitis

symptoms

A

viral, bacterial, allergies

discharge, diffuse injection, minimal pain and minimal vision loss

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7
Q

acute glaucoma is also called

A

closed angle glaucoma

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8
Q

acute glaucoma symptoms

A
severe eye pain 
blurred vision 
circumcorneal injection 
halos 
nausea 
edematous cornea - steamy cornea
IOP increased 
pupil fixed and mid dilated
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9
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage symptoms

causes

A

hypermeia
painless
no vision change
resolves 1-3 weeks

hypertension, blood dyscrasia, valsalva

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10
Q

what is corneal arcus

A

blue gray ring associated with hyperlipidemia

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11
Q

scleritis and epislceritis occur in what diseases

A

collagen diseases
TB
syphilis
sarcoidosis

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12
Q

what are symptoms of scleritis and episcleritis

A

photophobia
slight vision loss
palpatory tenderness

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13
Q

the red reflex may indicate

A

cataracts
vitreous hemorrhage
retinal detachment

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14
Q

where is optic disc located

A

15-20* nasal to central axis

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15
Q

how many branches come off the central retinal artery

A

4 branches

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16
Q

where is macular area located

A

2 disc diameters lateral to the disc

17
Q

optic atrophy occurs in what

A

MS and chronic glaucoma

18
Q

hyperemic occurs in what

A

papilledema and severe hypertension

19
Q

chronic glaucoma is indicated by what

A

cup to disc ration greater than 50%

20
Q

increased broadening light reflex indicates what

what is normal

A

arteriosclerosis

normal - 1:4

21
Q

what does av nicking suggest

A

arteriosclerosis

22
Q

flame shaped or linear/splinter shaped hemorrhages are seen in what

A

hypertension and diabetes

23
Q

punctate or blot dot hemorrhages are seen in what

A

diabetic retinopathy

24
Q

neovascularization on fundoscopic exam is seen in what

A

proliferative diabetes

25
Q

cotton wool exudates are seen in what

A

hypertension and diabetes

26
Q

hard exudates are seen in what

A

hypertension and diabetes

27
Q

optic macula is located where

what does it look like

A

2 disc diameters temporal to optic nerve head or disc

no distinct borders, dark area located within the macula

28
Q

where are concentration of rods and cones located

A

macula

29
Q

what is most sensitive to vision and has the best color vision

A

fovea centralis/macula lutea

30
Q

what is the central axis of the eye during the fundoscopic exam

A

optic macula / fovea

31
Q

abnormal pigment or lesions noted in macula

A

age related macular degeneration

32
Q

vessels are __ as they approach the disc

compare arteries and veins

A

larger

arteries larger than veins

33
Q

which lens number on the ophthalmoscope is used for cornea, fundus, and behind the retina

A

cornea - black 20
fundus - 0
behind retina - red

34
Q

which view or light on the opthalmoscope is used for different situations

small light
large light
green light
slit aperture

A

small light - undilated pupil

large light - dilated pupil

green light - blood vessels and hemorrhages appear darker

slit aperture - determines the elevation of lesions

35
Q

how do you approach your patient on fundoscopic exam

A

15-30*