Sudan

Question 1

Population and GDP per head 2015 - South Sudan

Answer 1

12 million

US$2,300

Question 2

Tribes

Answer 2

South Sudan Government: majority Dinka

Rebel: Nuer

Question 3

When did it spilt into 2 separate nations?

Answer 3

2011

Question 4

How did it begin?

Answer 4

• In the 1990’s there was an N-S war between the Arabs (N) and the Christians (S).
• Ruling elite in Khartoum feel that Arabs are racially/culturally superior to non-Arabs
• To further this hostility Nomadic Arabs go into places that non Arabs deem theirs
• In Darfur there are dwindling natural resources– desertification
– Intensified conflict as competition for resources
• The two groups began arming themselves
– Non Arabs – SLA and JEM
– Arabs – Janjaweed
• Non-Arabs attacked govn targets
• Khartoum govn support the Janjaweed

Question 5

Social impacts

Answer 5

• 300,000 dead
• 90% of non-Arab villages destroyed
– Over 2m displaced and homeless
• Huge risk of disease and malnutrition
– Thus more than 3.5m people are reliant upon int. aid for survival
• Rape by armed militias
• Violence has spread over the boarders into Chad and Central African republic
• Govn failed to act in fear of losing its image abroad thus famine killed 95,000 out of the 3.1m residents in Darfur

Question 6

Environmental impacts

Answer 6

• Climate change has meant further degradation of the land

* Desertification and soil erosion has intensified from farmers attempting to cultivate new land

Question 7

Political impacts

Answer 7

• Int. pressures upon Sudan govn to support the humanitarian effort + end the violence
• Worldwide campaigns to the end to the suffering
• American businesses are prohibited from dealing with Sudan since 1997
• USA/UK have called the UN security council to approve coordinated sanctions against Sudan
– China’s approval is key as China is the largest economic participant in Sudan and has veto power as a permanent member of the security council.