Poverty Flashcards
Wealth
GNP
GDP
Does not reflect inequality.
Difficult to achieve consistency of data.
Average is not accurate as it masks out extremes.
Raw figure: do not know what it is spent on and the efficiency of spending.
HEALTH
LE
IMR
BR/DR
EDUCATION
Literacy
Enrolment
Composite indicators
HDI
PQLI (physical quality of life)
PQLI
IMR
Basic literacy
LE at 1 year
Not consistent with economic indicators.
HDI
Measures degree of human development
Effect of socioeconomic policies on quality of life
- LE
- Economic attainment eg. Literacy and enrollment
- Standard of living eg. r.GDP
Poverty line
1.90$
Reflects increase in world prices since 2005. Hence there may not be the same standard of living as the old poverty line.
Poverty
Many different perceptions…
- threatens life and envies livelihood opportunities
- more than lack of income
- dynamic and changing with urbanisation and rural deprivation.
Poverty 2
Absolute and chronic poverty lie within relative poverty.
Absolute
is the acute state of people and offers people little opportunity to control the destiny of their lives.
Chronic
Income poverty experienced for many years and passed down more than 5 generations.
Relative
Culturally defined as being poor, usually against normal living standards.
About equity.. eg. comparison of material wealth, opportunities they have to improve their life
MPI
Multidimensional poverty index. Considers overlapping deprivations suffered by people at the same time.
91 countries surveyed, more than 1/3 living in multidimensional poverty which was much greater than previous estimates.
eg. health, education(enrolment), standard(nutrition) of living (tiles, cooking)
Eradication
Poverty rates in sSA declined.
Proportion living on less than $1.25 per day decreased by 8% to 48.5% in 2010… due to - rapid increase in population growth, improved governance and improved implementation of protection programme.
Type of data
Quan eg. World Bank, UNDP (little understanding of peoples experience of daily life)
Qual eg. voices of the poor
