SUBSTANCE USE - FINAL EXAM Flashcards
substance use disorder
continuous use that changes brain structure and function
addiction
chronic med condition where one cannot stop substance use and unwilling to recognize extent
intoxication
in process of using substance to excess
tolereance
taking higher dose to achieve initial response
withdrawal
symptoms that occur when person stops using substance (can be lifethreatening)
risk factors of substance use
twins, receptors associated with disorder, chronic stress, poor coping/support
caffeine assoications
bipolar, eating, sleeping disorders
caffeine intoxication
nervous, rambling speech, flushed face, tachycardia, gastro issues, twitching
caffeine overdose
fever, seizures, delusions, disorganized speech
withdrawal of caffeine takes place
12-24hrs after last dose, peaks 24-48hrs, resolves in 1 wk
withdrawal of caffeine
headache, drowsy, irritable, poor concentration
cannabis intoxication
heightened sensation, brighter colors, time slows, depersonalization, hallucinations
2 out of 4 must be diagnosed for cannabis intoxication
red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia
withdrawal of cannabis occurs
1 wk after cessation
withdrawal of cannabis
irritable, restless, disturbing dreams, wt loss
treatment of cannabis
abstinence, hosp, anxiety meds
hallucinogens
cause profound disturbance in reality with flashbacks, panic attacks and psychosis
intoxication of hallucinogens
hallucinations, illusions, derealization/depersonalization, synesthesia, palpitations
treatment of hallucinogens
talking pt down, restraints, haloperidol(severe)
inhalants
used for short time to give euphoria while burning brain cells
sudden sniffing death
cardiac arrhythmias from propane/butane
intoxication of inhalants
small doses: euphoria
high doses: distorted body image, apathy, anorexia, impaired judgement, amnesia
adverse: delirium, dementia, psychosis
opioid intoxication
psychomotor retardation, slurred speech, impaired memory, miosis, low RR/BP
opioid overdose
unresponsive, coma, hypothermia, resp depression
treatment for opioid overdose
aspirate secretions, mechanical ventilation, naloxone
opioid withdrawal duration
6-8hrs after last dose, peaks day 2/3, ends in 1 wk
opioid withdrawal
mood dysphoria, muscle aches, diarrhea, N/V, insomnia
opioid withdrawal treatment
methadone, clonidine, buprenorphine, naloxone, naltrexone
methadose
decrease painful symptoms of opioid withdrawal for long term treatment
buprenorphine
partial antagonist to reduce/quit opioids and may cause euphoria/resp depression
naltrexone
opioid antagonist to prevent intoxication by blocking receptors
opioid maintenance
abstinence, CBT, detox, NA
sedative intoxication
incoordination, unsteady gait, impaired thinking, aggression coma
overdose treatment of sedatives
gastric lavage, monitor vitals, keep pt awake, mechanical ventilation
withdrawal of sedatives
tremor, insomnia, CNS depression, anxiety
treatment of sedative withdrawal
gradual reduction of opioids to prevent seizures
stimulant intoxication
superhuman feeling, sociable, elated, anger, anxious
2 or more must be present in stimulant intoxication
chest pain, wt loss, confusion, seizures, arrhythmias, coma
withdrawal of stimulants
vivid nightmares, increased appetite, psychomotor retardation/agitation, depression
withdrawal treatment of stimulants
therapy, antipsychotics or diazepam, bupropion
tobacco withdrawal
irritable, depression, anxiety, insomnia, restless with 5-12 drop in BP and 4-7lb gain
withdrawal treatment of tobacco
behavioral therapy, hypnosis, nicotine replacement, bupropion
gambling disorder
compulsive activity that disturbs function
treatment of gambling disorder
lithium, valproic acid, naltrexone, GA, bupropion
alcohol use disorder
sedative with initial euphoria and later depression
risk factors of alcohol use disorder
genetics, altered brain function, peer pressure
binge drinking
drinking everything at once
heavy drinking
drinking all the time
alcohol intoxication
blood concentration of 80-100mg/dl or .08-.1g/dl
alc withdrawal duration
6-8 hrs after cessation
alcohol withdrawal
lack of appetite, impaired cognition, delirium, unconciousness
alcohol use can cause
cognitive disturbances and fetal alcohol syndrome
systemic effects of alcohol use disorder
peripheral neuropathy, cirrhosis of liver, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, cancer, gastritis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, myopathy
treatment of alcohol use disorder
disulfram, naltrexone, lorazepam, CBT
