Substance Use Flashcards
substance use
use of substance leading to disorder w changes in brain structure/function
symptom groups for substance use
impaired control, social impairment, risky use, physical effects
substances leading to disorders
alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinations, inhalant, opioid, sedative hypnotic, stimulant, tobacco, other
addiction
chronic med condition and w/out treatment can lead to disability/death
intoxication
in process of using substance to excess
tolerance
takes higher dose to achieve the initial level of response
withdrawal
symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance (mild to life-threatening)
cormorbidity
any combo of 2 or more substance use disorders and mental disorders
genetic risk factors
twins have high risk, fam hx
neurobio risk factors
receptors associated w disorder (opioid receptors)
environmental risk factors
chronic stress, poor support/coping
caffiene
coffee, soda, tea, energy drink consumption and associated w bipolar/eating/sleep disorders
intoxication of caffeine
rambling, flushed face, gastro issues, cardiac arrhythmias, twitching
overdose of caffeine
fever, tachy/bradycardia, seizures, delusions, cardiac arrest
withdrawal of caffeine
headaches, drowsy, poor concentration, irritable
(12-24 hrs after, peak 24-48, resolve 1 wk)
withdrawal of cannibis
restless, disturbing dreams, wt loss, shaky, abdominal pain
intoxication of cannibis
heightened sensation, brighter colors, time slows, derealization, hallucinations w intact reality
(2 of 4 needed: red eyes, high appetite, dry mouth, tachy)
treatment of cannibis
abstinence, hosp, anxiety meds
halluncinogens
cause profound disturbances in reality w flashbacks, panic attacks, psychosis
intoxication of halluncinogens
paranoia, impaired judgement, depersonalization, synesthesia, pupil dilation, palpation
treatment of hallucinogens
talking pt down, restraint, antipsychotics
inhalants
solvents, propellants, thinners, fuels that are used for short person of time to gain euphoria
“sudden sniffing death”
cardiac arrhythmias from propane/butane
intoxication of inhalants
euphoria (small), illusions, hallucinations, distorted body image, anorexia, impulsive (high), delirium, psychosis, dementia (adverse)
opioids
increased craving and significant impairment and hazardous staring in early 20s
intoxication of opioids
psychomotor retardation, slurred speech, impaired memory, low bowels, low HR/BP/RR
overdose of opioids
unresponsiveness, coma, hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, resp depression, miosis
overdose treatment of opioids
promote breathing by aspirating secretions, mechanical ventilation, naloxone
opioid withdrawal
mood dysphoria, diarrhea, muscle aches, watery eyes
(6-8hrs after last dose, peak 2-3 days)
opioid withdrawal treatment
methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone
opioid maintanence
abstinence, CBT, social skills training, NA
sedative, hypnotic
craving benzos w impacted role performance/relationships
intoxication of sedatives
slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, impaired thinking, coma,
overdose treatment of sedatives
gastric lavage, monitor vitals, keep pt awake, fluids, prep for mechanical ventilation
withdrawal of sedatives
tremor, insomnia, anxiety, depressed CNS
withdrawal treatment of sedatives
gradual reduction to prevent seizures
stimulants
craving and tolerance with reduced ability to function that can occur in a week
stimulant intoxication
superhuman feelings, euphoric, sociable, hypervigilent, resp depression, chills, seizure, coma
stimulant withdrawal
vivid nightmares, increased appetite, insomnia, psychomotor retardation/agitation
stimulant withdrawal treatment
group/individual therapy, inpatient, antipsychotics or diazepam for no psychosis
tobacco
quick dependence and persistance
tobacco withdrawal
irritable, depression, anxiety, insomnia, restless, decreased HR 5-12BPM, wt gain 4-7 lbs
gambling disorder
compulsive activity disturbing functioning
gambling disorder treatment
GA, SSRI, lithium, valproic acid, naltrexone
alc use disorder
sedative w euphoria than depress
mild: 2-3 S/S
mod: 4-5 S/S
severe: 5 or more S/S
alc disorder risk factors
genetics, neurobio, scoial, cultural
binge drinking
drinking everything all at once
heavy drinking
drinking all the time
alcohol intoxication
blood concentration of 80-100 mg/dL
alcohol withdrawal
6-8 hrs after w low appetite, insomnia, impaired cognition, seizures, high HR/BP
cognitive disturbances from alc
mem disturbances, wernicke syndrome, fetal alc syndrome
systemic effects for alc use disorder
peripheral neuropathy, alc myopathy/cardiomyopathy, alc hepatitis, cancer, leukopenia
CAGE
4 questions to identify alc abuse
disulfram
long term injectable med when pt goes through detox/rehab: if alc had, immediate withdrawal and S/S
