DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS - FINAL EXAM Flashcards
depressive disorders
feelings of sadness, emptiness, irritable, somatic concerns, impaired thinking and decrease ability to function
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is diagnosed
btw 6-18 (after 18 is cyclothymic)
symptoms om DMDD
constant irritability/anger, temper tantrums out of proportion for 3 times a week, symptoms present in 2 settings
management of DMDD
symptomatic meds, CBT, parent training, facial expression recognition training
persistent depresive disorder (dysthymia)
low level depressive feelings through most of the day majority of days
persistent depressive disorder duration
at least 2 yrs in adults, 1 yr in kids
symptoms of persistent depressive disorder
2 or more of: decrease appetite or over eating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy, poor self esteem, hopeless, difficulty thinking
treatment of persistent depressive disorder
CBT, tricyclics
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
symptoms cluster in last week prior to period with mood swings, irritable, depression, anxiety, overwhelmed, poor concentration
duration of premenstrual dysphoric disorder
symptoms decrease or disappear during period
substance induced depressive disorder
person doesn’t experience depressive symptoms without alc or drugs
depressive disorder from med condition
hypothyroidism, CVA, HIV, diabetes, parkinsons
MDD symptoms
5 or more in a 2 week period
weight loss, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, fatigue, worthless/guilt, recurrent thought of death, poor concentration, psychomotor agitation
PLUS at least one symptom is
depressed mood or anhedonia
MDD persistent type
lasts btw 2 wks and 6 mon
MDD chronic type
lasts more than 2 yrs
characteristics of MDD
recurrent episodes that cause distress and poor functioning, not caused by physical illness and no mania/hypomania
comorbidity of depressive disorders
anxiety
risk factors for depressive disrders
1st degree relatives, stressful life events, poor coping, thyroid changes, nature vs nurture, female, ACEs, neuroticism, substance use, anxiety, personality disorders
acute phase of implementation (6-12 wks)
reduce depressive symptoms and restore functioning, medications
continuation phase (4-9 mon)
preventing relapse, pharmaco
maintenance phase (over 1 yr)
prevent relapse, outpatient therapy, slowly decreasing meds
communication techniques
simple, concrete words, silence, listen for covert messages, ask about suicide plasn
esketamine
nasal spray ketamine used with therapy to treat depression
electroconvulsive therapy
inducing a seizure to reset brain impulses lasting 20 sec for 3 times a wk
ECT treats
depression, severe malnutrition/exhaustion/dehydration, failure of other meds, dementia, schiz w catatonia
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
noninvasive MRI that stimulates brain
s/s of rTMS
headache, lightheaded, seizures, scalp tingling, discomfort
vagus nerve stimulation
improves mood by boosting neurotransmitters
s/s of vagus nerve stimulation
voice alteration, neck pain, cough, dyspnea
deep brain stimulation
surgically implanted electrodes that stimulate regions of underactive depression
light therapy
first line treatment in SAD by increasing melatonin
exercise
increases serotonin levels and decrease HPA axis
