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Mental Health Final Exam > Substance Use and Addictive Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Use and Addictive Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Severity scale for substance use disorder

0-1 criteria

A

No diagnosis of substance use disorder

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1
Q

Substance use disorders

A

Involve repeated use of chemical substances, leading to clinically significant impairment during a 12-month period.

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2
Q

Severity scale for substance use disorder

2-3 criteria

A

mild substance use disorder

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3
Q

Severity scale for substance use disorder

4-5 criteria

A

moderate substance use disorder

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4
Q

Severity scale for substance use disorder

6 or more criteria

A

severe substance use disorder

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5
Q

Non-substance related addictive disorders

A
  1. gambling
  2. sexual behaviors
  3. shopping/spending
  4. internet use, such as gaming
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6
Q

Addiction is characterized by

A
  1. Loss of control due to addictive behavior
  2. Participation continues despite continuing associated problems
  3. A tendency to relapse back into the addictive behavior
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7
Q

Risk Factors

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Lowered self-esteem
  3. Lowered tolerance for pain and frustration
  4. Few meaningful personal relationships
  5. few life successes
  6. Risk-taking tendencies
  7. Sociocultural theories
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8
Q

Native American groups

A

have a high percentage of members who have alcohol use disorders.
Asian groups have a low percentage of alcohol use disorders.

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9
Q

Central Nervous System Depressants

A
  1. Alcohol (Ethanol)
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10
Q

Alcohol (Ethanol)

General Information

A
  1. A BAC of 0.08% (80g/dL) is considered legally intoxicated for adults.
  2. Death can occur from levels greater than 0.35%
  3. BAC depends on body weight, gender, concentration of alcohol, gastric absorption rate, individuals tolerance level.
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11
Q

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Intended Effects

A

Relaxation, decreased social anxiety, stress reduction

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12
Q

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Effects of intoxication

A

slurred speech, nystagmus, memory impairment, altered judgment, decreased motor skills, decreased LOC, respiratory arrest, peripheral arrest, and death.

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13
Q

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Withdrawal manifestations

A
  1. usually start within 4-12 hours of last intake of alcohol, peak after 24-48 hr. then suddenly disapper
  2. vomiting, abd cramping, tremors, restlessness, inability to sleep, increased HR, RR, Temp, and tonic-clonic seizures.
  3. Alcohol withdrawal deliurium may occur 2-3 days after cessation of alcohol. A medical emergency. Severe disorientation, hallucinations, HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, delirium.
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14
Q

Sedative/ Hypnotics

General Information

A
  1. Benzodiazepines, diazepam (Valium), or barbituates- phenobarbital
  2. Can be taken orally or injected
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15
Q

Sedative/ Hypnotics

Intended Effects

A

Decreased anxiety, sedation

16
Q

Sedative/ Hypnotics

Effects of intoxication

A
  1. drowsiness, sedation, agitation, slurred speech, uncoordinated motor activity, nystagmus, disorientation, nausea, vomiting.
  2. Respiratory depression and decreased LOC, may be fatal
  3. Antidote- Romazicon- IV use for benzodiazepine toxicity
  4. No antidote for barbituate toxicity.
17
Q

Sedative/ Hypnotics

Withdrawal Manifestations

A
  1. Anxiety, insomnia, HTN, diaphoresis, hallucinations, illusions, seizure activity.
18
Q

Antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity

A

flumazenil (Romazicon) - IV

19
Q

Cannabis

General Info

A

Marijuana, Hashish - smoked or orally ingested.

20
Q

Cannabis

Intended effects

A

Euphoria, sedation, hallucinations, decrease of nausea and vomiting secondary to Chemo, management of pain.

21
Q

Cannabis

Effects of intoxication

A

Chronic use- lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratry effects
in high doses- paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia.

22
Q

Cannabis

withdrawal manifestations

A

Irritability aggression, anxiety, insomnia, lack of appetite, restlessness, depressed mood, abdominal pain, tremors, diaphoresis, fever, headache.

23
Q

Antidote for Morphine or dilaudid

A

naloxone (Narcan) IV

24
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A
  1. Occurs when patient has improper nutrition and experiences alcohol withdrawals
  2. Memory disturbance, unable to form new memories
  3. If memory is jogged information may be recalled
  4. Retrospective memory gap
  5. Intellectual grasp is quite well retained.
25
Q

Delirium Tremens

A
  1. 72 hours after drinking has stopped (up to 7-10 days)
  2. Lack of carbohydrate and food intake

S/S

  • Body Tremors
  • Changes in mental function
  • Agitation
  • Mood changes
  • Hallucinations
  • Sleeping for 24 hours or longer
26
Q

Detox from Alcohol

A
  1. Valium
  2. Folic Acid
  3. B12
27
Q

Stimulants

Names

A

Amphetamines & Cocaine

Street names: Speed, uppers, bennies, ice Ecstasy, and crank

28
Q

Stimulants

Effects

A
  1. (Adrenaline like) Users feel awake, alert, energetic, sexual arousal, and a feeling of well-being
  2. Meth stays in the body up to 4 days- tolerance quickly develops and addiction within 4 to 6 months
  3. Side effects- anxiety, hallucinations (tweaking), paranoia, depression and suicide. Pupil dilation when high- may be constricted when they are not on the drug.
  4. Weight loss, picking at skin, ability to stay up all night.
29
Q

Opioids

A
  1. Heroin, Vicodin, Oxycodone, Norco, Morphine
  2. Opioid analgesics suppress your perception of pain and calm your emotional response to pain by reducing the number of pain signals sent by the nervous system and the brains reaction to those pain signals.
30
Q

Suboxone/Methadone

A
  1. Suboxone- treatment for opioid addiction, Sublingual tablet, works by filling the receptor cites so pt. does not feel withdrawal symptoms. You can ween down the does until the pt. no longer feels symptoms
  2. Methodone used to be treatment, however, it still gives a high and is highly addictive.
31
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  1. Derived from plants and mushrooms
  2. LSD- one of the most potent mood changing chemicals. Lasts up to 8 hours.
  3. PCP- for smoking, often applied to a leafy material such as mint, parsley, oregano, or marijuana. Can last 4-6 hours.
32
Q

Common psychiatric illnesses linked with Substance Abuse

A
  1. Schizophrenia
  2. Schizophreniform disorder
  3. Antisocial personality disorder
  4. Anxiety disorders
  5. Mood disorders
33
Q

Manifestations of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A
  1. Prenatal and Postnatal growth deficiency
  2. Facial malformations
  3. CNS dysfunction
  4. Varying degrees of major organ system malfunction
34
Q

2 Major objectives for treatment for clients with substance disorders

A
  1. Safe removal of the chemical from their bodies (detoxification)
  2. Breaking through the denial that perpetuates the illness (rehabilitation)
35
Q

5 Most common reasons for not obtaining treatment for substance abuse

A
  1. Not ready to stop using
  2. Could not afford the cost
  3. Did not know where to go for help
  4. Fear of negative effects on the job
  5. Worry that neighbors/community would have a negative opinion

Mental Health Final Exam (13 decks)

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