Medications for Substance Use Disorders Flashcards
0
Q
Alcohol withdrawal delirium
A
- may occur 2-3 days after cessation of alcohol and may last 2-3 days.
- Medical emergency
- S/S: disorientation, psychotic effects, HTN, delirium, cardiac dysrhythmias.
1
Q
Withdrawal manifestations
Alcohol
A
Usually start within 4-12 hours of last intake of alcohol, peak after 24-48 hr and then suddenly disappear.
2. Nausea, vomiting, tremors, restlessness, and inability to sleep, depressed mood, or irritability, increased HR, BP, RR, and temp, and tonic-clonic seizures.
2
Q
Withdrawal S/S form Opoids
A
- Occurs w/in hours to several days after cessation of use
- Agitation, insomnia, flulike manifestations, Rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, and diarrhea
- not life threatening, suicidal ideation may occur.
3
Q
Withdrawal S/S from Tobacco (nicotine)
A
- abstinence syndrome is evidenced by irritability, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating.
4
Q
Medications to support withdrawal from Alcohol
A
- Disulfiram (Antabuse)
- Naltrexone (Vivitrol)
- Acamprosate (Campral)
5
Q
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
A
- Daily oral mediation, type of aversion (behavioral) therapy
- If used concurrently with alcohol will cause acetaldehyde syndrome to occur- N/V/weakness, sweating, palpitations, hypotension, can progress to RR depression, seizures, and death.
- Effects persist for 2 weeks after discontinuing medication.
6
Q
Naltrexone (Vivitrol)
A
- A pure opioid antagonist that suppresses the craving and pleasurable effects of alcohol
- Take with meals
- Suggest monthly IM injections
7
Q
Acamprosate (Campral)
A
- Taken orally 3x a day to reduce craving for alcohol
- Diarrhea may result. Maintain adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration
- Advise client to avoid use in pregnancy.
8
Q
Medications to support withdrawal from opioids
A
- Methadone (Dolophine) substitution
- Clonidine (Catapres)
- Buprenorphine (Subutex)
9
Q
Methadone (Dolophine) Substitution
A
- oral opioid agonist that replaces the opioid to which the client is addicted.
- prevents abstinence syndrome from occurring and removes the need for the client to obtain illegal opioids.
- Used for withdrawal and long term maintenance
- Must be administered from an approved treatment center.
10
Q
Clonidine (Catapres)
A
- assists with withdrawal effects related to autonomic hyperactivity (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting)
- Does not reduce the craving for opioids
- encourage to chew sugarless gum or such on hard candy, and to sip small amounts of water to treat dry mouth.
11
Q
Buprenorphine (Subutex)
A
- agonist-antagonist opioid used for both detoxification and maintenance
- decreases feelings of craving and may be effective in maintaining compliance
- Sublingually, at approved treatment center.
12
Q
Medications to support withdrawal from Nicotine
A
- Bupropion (Zyban)
- Nicorette, Nicotrol, Nicotine Replacement Therapy
- Varenicline (Chantix)
13
Q
Bupropion (Zyban)
A
- decreases nicotine craving and manifestaions of withdrawal
- dry mouth- hard candy, sugarless gum, ice chips
- avoid caffeine and other CNS stimulants to control insomnia
14
Q
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (Nicorette, Nicotrol)
A
- The rate of tobacco use cessation is nearly doubled with the use of nicotine replacements.
- Nicotine gum is not recommended for longer than 6 months
- Chew gum slowly over 30 min. avoid drinking or eating 15 min prior to and while chewing gum.
- Remove nicotine patch prior to MRI
- one nasal spray in each nostril delivers the amount of nicotine in 1 cigarette. Not recommended for clients with upper respiratory problems.
