Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

substance-induced disorders

Answer 1

disorders, ie intoxication, that can be induced by using psychoactive substances

Question 2

substance-use disorders

Answer 2

patterns of maladaptive use of psychoactive substances that lead to significant levels of impaired functioning or personal distress

Question 3

addiction

Answer 3

impaired control over the use of a chemical substance, accompanied by physiological dependence

Question 4

physiological dependence

Answer 4

when a drug user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply of the substance

Question 5

psychological dependence

Answer 5

compulsive use of a substance to meet a psychological need

Question 6

substance intoxication

Answer 6

1+ episodes of intoxication, which is a state of drunkenness or of being “high”

Question 7

withdrawal syndrome

Answer 7

a characteristic cluster of symptoms following the sudden reduction or cessation of use of a psychoactive substance after physiological dependence has developed

Question 8

Delirium tremens

Answer 8

In some cases of chronic alcoholism, w/drawal produces state of dts

Question 9

tolerance

Answer 9

physical habituation to a drug such that w frequent use either:

• higher doses are needed to achieve same effects
• same amount of substance has a diminished effect

Question 10

Substance use disorders

Answer 10

patterns of maladaptive use of psychoactive substances that are identified by the particular drug associated w problematic use

Question 11

most widely abused substance worldwide

Answer 11

alcohol

Question 12

Risk factors for alcohol-related problems

Answer 12

Gender
age
antisocial personality disorder
family history
sociodemographic factors

Question 13

Barbiturates

Answer 13

Sedative/depressant drugs w/ high addictive potential
-around 1% of adult Americans develop substance abuse/depedence disorder involving use of barbiturates, sleep meds, or anti anxiety meds at some point

Question 14

Examples of barbiturates

Answer 14

Amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital

Question 15

Opioids

Answer 15

Narcotics- drugs that are used medically for pain relief but that have strong addictive potential

Question 16

Opioid examples

Answer 16

-include naturally occurring opiates derived from juice of poppy plant (morphine, heroin, codeine) and synthetic drugs (Demerol, Darvon)

Question 17

Morphine

Answer 17

Strongly addictive narcotic derived from opium poppy
relieves pain
introduced at about time of U.S. Civil War

Question 18

“Soldier’s disease”

Answer 18

physiological dependence on morphine around time of U.S. Civil war

Question 19

Heroin

Answer 19

Developed in 1875 to replace morphine, w/o addiction (didn’t work)

• derived from morphine
• can create a euphoric rush

Question 20

Most widely used opiate

Answer 20

heroin

Question 21

Stimulants

Answer 21

Psychoactive substances that increase activity of central nervous system
Enhances states of alertness and can produce feelings of pleasure or even euphoric highs

Question 22

Amphetamines

Answer 22

Synthetic stimulants that activate CNS, producing heightened states of arousal and pleasure

Question 23

Amphetamine psychosis

Answer 23

caused by amphetamine use (obvi), characterized by hallucinations and delusions

Question 24

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 24

“designer drug”, similar to amphetamine

• produces mild euphoria and hallucinations
• can produce depression, anxiety, insomnia, and even paranoia and psychosis

Question 25

Cocaine

Answer 25

A natural stimulant exacted from leaves of coca plant | produces sudden rise in blood pressure and an accelerated heart rate

Question 26

crack

Answer 26

hardened, smokable form of cocaine that may be more than 75% pure

Question 27

Overdoses of cocaine/crack

Answer 27

``` can produce restlessness, insomnia headaches nausea convulsions tremors hallucinations delusions and sudden death due to respiratory/cardiovascular collapse ```

Question 28

Nicotine

Answer 28

considered stimulant

Question 29

of deaths in U.S. from smoking each year

Answer 29

443,000

Question 30

of people worldwide who smoke

Answer 30

1 billion

Question 31

of people who die worldwide each year from smoking-related causes

Answer 31

3 million

Question 32

Caffeine intoxication

Answer 32

5+ of following: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, psychomotor agitation

Question 33

Caffeine withdrawal

Answer 33

New disorder w DSM-5 3+ following w/in 2 hrs of abrupt cessation of caffeine use: -headache -marked fatigue/drowsiness -dyshoric mood, depressed mood, or irritability -difficulty concentrating -flu-like symptoms

Question 34

hallucinogens

Answer 34

``` aka psychedelics class of drugs that produce sensory distortions or hallucinations, including major alterations in color perception and hearing may also produce relaxation and euphoria, or in some cases panic ```

Question 35

LSD

Answer 35

synthetic hallucinogenic drug can produce vivid colors and visual distortions users have claimed it "expands consciousness"

Question 36

PCP

Answer 36

phencyclidine aka Angel Dust Developed as anesthetic in 1950s but was discontinued as such when its hallucinatory side effects were discovered smokable form became popular street drug in '70s, but waned bc of unpredictability

Question 37

Marijuana

Answer 37

derived from leaves/stems of cannabis sativa plant | -generally classified as a hallucinogen

Question 38

Cannabis use disorder

Answer 38

2+ w/in a 12-month period: - taken in larger amounts or over longer time than intended - persistent desire/unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control - much time spent obtaining, using, or recovering from effect - craving - resulting in failure to fulfill obligations - continued use despite having persistent problems - important activities given up/reduced bc of use - recurrent use in physically hazardous situations - continue use despite knowledge of problems caused by use - tolerance - w/drawal

Question 39

cannabis intoxication

Answer 39

2+ w/in 2 hrs of cannabis use: - conjunctival injection (red eyes) - increased appetite - dry mouth - tachycardia (rapid heart rate)

Question 40

Cannabis w/drawal

Answer 40

``` New disorder w DSM-5 3+ w/in 1 week of heavy, prolonged cannabis use: -irritability, anger, or aggression -nervousness or anxiety -sleep difficulty -decreased appetite or weight loss -restlessness -depressed mood ```

Question 41

Gambling disorder

Answer 41

Recurrent problematic gambling bx leading to significant impairment/distress, as indicated by 4+ in a 12-month period: -needs to gamble w + amts of $ -restless/irritable when attempting to cut down -repeated unsuccessful efforts to stop -often preoccupied w gambling -often gambles when distressed -after losing $, often returns, another day to get even -lies to conceal extent -has jeopardized/lost significant relationship, job, or educational or career opportunity bc of gambling relies o others to provide $ Bx not better explained by a manic episode