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DSM > Personality disorders > Flashcards

Personality disorders Flashcards

1
Q

3 ps of behavior

A

persistent (over time)
pervasive (over people and situations)
pathological (clearly abnormal)

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2
Q

Cluster A

A

people who are perceived as odd or eccentric ie. paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal

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3
Q

Cluster B

A

“drama queens” - people whose behavior is overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic ie. antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic

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4
Q

Cluster C

A

Anxious or fearful individuals ie avoidant,

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5
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A

4+:
-suspects others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him/her
-preoccupied w/ unjustified doubts about loyalty
-reluctant to confide in others
-reads hidden mdemaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events
-persistently bears grudges
-perceives attacks on character
-
–> not exclusively during schizophrenia, bipolar or depressive dx w/ psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder

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6
Q

Individuals w PPD may develop…

A

MDD, agoraphobia, OCD, substance-use disorders

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7
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships
-begins by early adulthood
4+:
-no desire or joy in close relationships
-almost ALWAYS chooses solitary activities (not disturbed by this)
-little to no interest in sexual experiences w another person
….

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8
Q

Schizoid personality disorder Commorbidity

A

may appear as premorbid antecedent of delusional disorder or schizophrenia

  • may develop MDD
  • co-occurs most often w schizotypal, paranoid, and avoidant personality disorders
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9
Q

Schizoid personality disorder prevalence

A

uncommon in clinical settings

3-5%

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10
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder differential dx

A
  • other mental disorders w psychotic symptoms

- autism spectrum disorder

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11
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

-pervasive pattern of social dn interpersonal deficits
-acute DISCOMFORT W and reduced capacity for close relationships
5+:
-ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference)
-odd beliefs or magical thinking
-unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions (misinterpretation of something, just short of hallucination)
-odd thinking and speech
-suspicioussness or paranoid ideation
-inappropriate or constricted affect
-behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar
-lacks close friends or confidants
-excessive social anxiety

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12
Q

schizotypal personality disorder comorbidity

A
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13
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

-pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others
-at least 18 yo
-there is evidence of conduct disorder w onset before age 15 years
-not exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
(often in lay terms referred as ‘psychopath’ or ‘sociopath’)

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14
Q

Antisocial personality disorder reqs

A

3+

  • failure to conform to social norms re lawful bus
  • deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying
  • impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
  • irritability and aggressiveness
  • reckless disregard for safety of self or others
  • consistent irresponsibility
  • lack of remorse
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15
Q

Antisocial personality disorder associated features

A

risk of developing this dx as an adult is increased if hx …

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16
Q

Genetic Risk

A

Risk to biological relatives of females with dx tends to be higher than to biological

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17
Q

Borderlien Personality Disorder

A
  • tend to undermine themselves at the moment a goal is about to be realized
  • pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects
  • marked impulsivity
  • beginning by early adulthood
  • present in a variety of contexts
  • higher risk of suicidality
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18
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder reqs

A

5+:

  • frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
  • pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating bw extremes of idealization and devaluation
  • identity disturbance (unstable self-image)
  • 2+ areas of impulsivity
  • recurrent suicidal bx, gestures, threats, or SIBs/SABs
  • labile affect
  • chronic feelings of emptiness
  • inappropriate, intense anger
  • transient stress-related paranoia or severe dissociative sxs
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19
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder comorbidity

A

common ie depressive and bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, ptsd, add

  • freq occurs w other personality dxs
  • physical/sexual abuse, neglect, hostile conflict, and early parental loss common in the childhood histories of those w borderline personality dx
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20
Q

borderline personality disorder prevalence

A

1.6-5.9%
6% in primary care settings
10% in outpatient mental health clinics

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21
Q

Borderline personality disorder genetic risk

A

5x more common among 1st degree biological relatives of those w the disorder

22
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A
  • excessive emotionality and attention seeking
  • beginning early adulthood
  • present in variety of contexts
23
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder reqs

A

5+:

  • uncomfortable in situations where not center of attention
  • often inappropriately sexually seductive or provocative
  • rapidly shifting and shallow emotional expressions
  • uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
  • speech style is excessively impressionistic and lacks detail
  • dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated emotions
  • is suggestible (easily influenced)
  • considers relationships to be more intimate than in reality
24
Q

Histrionic person. disorder comorbidity

A
  • associated w higher rates of somatic symptom disorder, conversion disorder, and MDD
  • borderline, narcissistic, antisocial, and dependent personality disorders often co-occur
25
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

-pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
5+:
-grandiose sense of self-importance
-fantasies of success, power, brilliance, beauty, ideal love
-belief of being special and unique
-requires excessive admiration
-has sense of entitlement
-in interpersonally exploitative
-lacks empathy
-often envious of others or believes others are envious
-shows arrogant, caught behavior/attitudes

26
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder comorbidity

A
  • sustained self-criticism

- hypomanic mood, anorexia nervosa and substance use (esp cocaine)

27
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

4+

  • fears of criticism
  • unwilling to get involved unless sure to be liked
  • shows restraint within intimate relationships bc of fear of being shamed or ridiculed
  • preoccupied w being criticized
  • inhibited of…..
28
Q

Avoidant personality disorder comorbidity

A

-commonly w depressive, bipolar, and anxiety disorders, especially with social anxiety disorder

29
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

-need to be cared for leading to submissive, clinging bx and fears of separation
5+
-difficult decision-making w/o excessive advice fo others
-needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of life
-difficulty expressing disagreement w others
-difficulty initiating projets or doing things on won
-excessive lengths to get nurturance/support from others
…

30
Q

Dependent personality disorder comorbidity

A
  • other personality dxs
  • separation disorders
  • chronic physical illness or separation anxiety disorder in childhood or adolescence may predispose to this disorder
31
Q

Prevalence

A

.5-.6%

-more females diagnosed

32
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality dx

A 
4+:
-preoccupied w details, rules, lists, order, schedules
-perfectionism that interferes w task
-excessively devoted to work
...
33
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder comorbidity

A
  • social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, and odd
  • majority of individuals w odd do not have a pattern of behavior that meets criteria for ocpd
  • many of the features of ocpd overallp with ‘type a’ personality disorders
34
Q

OcPD prevalence

A

MOST PREVALENT PERSONALITY DISORDER
2-8% of population
-diagnosed 2x as often among males

35
Q

ocpd differential diagnosis

A
  • ocd is usually easily distinguished from ocpd by presence of true obsessions and compulsions in odd
  • when criteria are met for both ocpd and odd, dx both
36
Q

Personality Change to another medical condition

A

personality disturbance that represents a change from individual’s previous characteristic personality pattern
-evidence that direct result of condition, medical diagnosis
…

37
Q

Personality disorder assessment

A
38
Q

Assessment instruments

A

MMPI-2

-Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI)

39
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Maladaptive, rigid bx pattern or personality traits
Pervasive (over people and situations) and inflexible
Deviates markedly from the individual’s culture
Onset in adolescence or early adulthood
Stable over time
Associated w states of personal distress or impairment

40
Q

T/F: People w personality dx generally recognize a need to change themselves

A

False

41
Q

Paranoid Personality Dx (generally)

A

Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness
Motives of others are interpreted as malevolent
Relationships suffer
Not the more flagrant delusions typical of schizophrenia

42
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder (generally)

A

Little if any interest in social relationships
Restricted range of emotional expression
Appear distant and aloof

43
Q

Schizotypal Personality Dx (generally)

A

Acute discomfort in close relationships

Appear odd or eccentric in thoughts, mannerisms, and bx, but not to degree found in schizophrenia

44
Q

Antisocial personality dx (generally)

A

Persistently engage in bx that shows disregard for, and violates, social norms and the rights of others
Tend to show no remorse for their misdeeds

45
Q

Borderline Personality Dx (generally)

A

Pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect
Often engage in impulsive, self-destructive acts

46
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder (generally)

A

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Tend to be highly dramatic and emotional in their bx
Demand to be center of attention

47
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (generally)

A

Grandiose, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Demand to be center of attention

48
Q

Avoidant Personality Dx (generally)

A

Pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
So terrified of rejection and criticism that they are generally unwilling to enter relationships w/o unusually strong reassurances of acceptance

49
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder (gen)

A

Submissive and clinging bx related to an excessive need to be taken care of
Have extreme difficulty acting independently or making even the smallest decisions on their own

50
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Dx (gen)

A

Pattern of preoccupation w orderliness, perfectionism, and control
W/o the true obsessions and compulsions associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

51
Q

Personality Change due to another medical condition (gen)

A

Persistent personality disturbance judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of a medical condition

DSM (9 decks)

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