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DSM > Neurocognitive disorders > Flashcards

Neurocognitive disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Neurocognitive disorders

A
  • core features = cognitive deficits
  • deficits not present at birth
  • not psychologically based
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2
Q

% of older adults w psychological disorder

A

20

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3
Q

“successful aging”

A
  • perceived good health and active lifestyle
  • independence in functioning
  • lack of disability
  • absence of cognitive impairment
  • positive social relationships
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4
Q

Most common psychological problem in older people

A

Depression and anxiety (11.6% of older adults suffer from anxiety disorders; MDD and PDD impact 4% of older adults, go up to 14% for older adults who are homebound or have cognitive impairment

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5
Q

Depression more common in ____ older adults

A

Hispanic

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6
Q

Anxiety more common in _____ women

A

African American women

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7
Q

Delirium

A

Altered states of consciousness that typically occur in context of a medical illness or after ingesting a substance
Onset is sudden (hours or days) and symptoms can persist for months for older adults

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8
Q

Delirium etiology

A
  • serious systemic medical illness (AIDS, CHF, infection , or toxic effects of meds)
  • metabolic disorders
  • neurological disorders
  • other health issues (ie malnutrition, severe dehydration, substance use)
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9
Q

1st condition to check for if there’s a major, sudden cognitive change

A

UTI

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10
Q

Specifiers for delirium

A
  • substance intoxication
  • substance withdrawal
  • medication-induced
  • due to another med conditionn
  • due to multiple etiologies
  • acute or persistent
  • hyperactive, hypoactive, or mixed level of activity
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11
Q

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

A

-profound decline or deterioration in mental functioning characterized by significant impairment of memory, thinking processes, attention, judgment, and by specific cognitive deficits

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12
Q

General paresis

A

form of dementia caused by a bacterium

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13
Q

senile dementias

A

forms of dementia that begin 65 yrs +

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14
Q

presenile dementia

A

dementia that begin before 65

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15
Q

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

A
  • applies to people who suffer a mild or modest decline in cognitive functioning from their prior level
  • newly recognized disorder
  • same as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
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16
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A
  • degenerative brain disease that leads to progressive and irreversible dementia, characterized by memory loss and deterioration of other cognitive functions, including judgment and ability to reason
  • risk increases dramatically w advancing age
  • 1/8 people over age 65 +
  • 1/3 over age 85
17
Q

causal factors of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • possibly answer lies in plaques that form in brain
  • genetic variant ApoE4 gene
  • stress possible culprit
18
Q

Alzheimer’s prevalence

A
  • rises steeply w age

- in high-income countries, ranges from 5-10% in 60s age range to at least 25% thereafter

19
Q

Frontotemporal NCD

A
  • deterioration (thinning or shrinkage) of brain tissue in frontal and temporal lobes of cerebral cortex
  • memory loss and social inappropriateness (ie sexual behavior, lack of modesty)
  • dx only confirmed upon autopsy (absence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques found in Alzheimer’s)
20
Q

formerly known as Pick’s Disease

A

Frontotemporal NCD

21
Q

Frontotemporal NCD behaviors

A

3+ of following:

  • behavioral disinhibition
  • apathy or inertia
  • loss of sympathy or empathy
  • perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/rituatlistic behavior
  • hyperorality (putting inappropriate things in mouth)
  • prominent decline in social cognition and/or executive abilities
22
Q

NCD w Lewy Bodies

A
  • accounts for 10% of dementias in older adults, has features of both AD and Parkinson’s
  • profound cog decline
  • appearance of fluctuating alertness and attention
  • frequent periods of drowsiness and staring into space
  • recurrent visual hallucinations
  • rigid body movements
  • stiff muscles typical of Parkinson’s disease
23
Q

Lewy bodies

A

Abnormal protein deposits that form w/in nucleus of cells in parts of the brain, disrupting brain processes that control memory and motor control

24
Q

Lewy bodies associated features

A
  • repeated falls and syncope
  • transient episodes of unexplained loss of consciousness
  • hypotension and urinary incontinence
  • hallucinations - auditory and non visual
25
Q

prevalence of Lewy bodies

A

.1-5% of general elderly population

1.7-30.5% of all dementia cases

26
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A
  • stroke or brain damage resulting in a disruption in its blood supply
  • usually as a result of a blood clot that becomes lodged in an artery that services the brain and obstructs circulation
27
Q

Vascular neurocognitive disorder

A

form of major or mild NCD resulting from cerebrovascular events (strokes)

28
Q

Aphasia

A

Impaired ability to understand or express speech

29
Q

NCD Due to Traumatic Brain Injury

A
  • head trauma results from jarring, banging, or cutting brain tissue from injury or assault
  • progressive dementia due to traumatic brain injury is more likely to result from multiple head traumas than from a single blow or head trauma
30
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

loss of memory of past events and personal information

31
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability or difficulty forming or storing new memories

32
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A
  • associated w chronic alcoholism

- characterized by irreversible memory loss due to brain damage, resulting from deficiency of vitamin B1

33
Q

Wernicke’s disease

A

sometimes precursor to Korsakoff’s

34
Q

NCD due to HIV

A

-major cognitive effects of HIV infection include forgetfulness, impaired concentration, and problem-solving ability

35
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jacob

A

Mad-cow disease

  • rare but fatal
  • brain develops holes, resemble sponge
36
Q

NCD due to Parkinson’s disease

A

-dementia occurs in 80% of Parkinson’s patients over course of illness

37
Q

NCd due to Huntington’s Disease

A

Huntington’s disease - an inherited degenerative disease that is characterized by jerking and twisting movements, mental deterioration, and unstable moods
-most common physical symptoms of the disease are involuntary, jerky movements of the face, neck, limbs, and trunk

DSM (9 decks)

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