Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
Intellectual Disabilities
- characterized by deficits in general mental abilities
- deficits in adaptive functioning impairments
Types of Intellectual Disabilities
- Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
- Global Developmental Delay
- Unspec. Intellectual Disability
Intellectual Disability (I.Develop. Disorder)
Criteria:
- deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience) confirmed by both clinical assess and IQ testing
- failure to meet developmental/sociocultural standards
- deficits limit functioning in 1+ ADLS
- onset during developmental period
Associated features of IDD
- lack of communication skills
- naivete/gullibility
- associated features can be important in criminal cases
- INdividuals w co-occurring mental disorder are at risk for suicide
Global Developmental Delay
Under age 5 yrs to get and keep dx
- clinical severity cannot be reliably assessed during this early period of childhood
- diagnosed when an individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones
Communication disorders
- language
- speech sound
- social (pragmatic) communication disorder
- childhood-onset fluency disorder (aka stuttering)
Language dx
- reduced vocab
- limited sentence structure
- impairments in discourse
result in functional limitations
not attributed to hearing/sensory impairment, motor dysfunction, or another medical or neurological condition
not better explained by IDD
Speech Sound Disorder
- sound production difficulty that interferes w speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
- causes limitations in effective communication that interfere with social participation, academic achievement, or occupational performance
Childhood-Onset Fluency DX (Stuttering)
-disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individual’s age and language skills
1+:
-sound and syllable repetitions
-broken words
-circumlocutions
-audible or silent blocking
-words produced w an excess of physical tension
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
all:
-deficits in communication for social purposes
-impairment of ability to change communication to match context/needs of listener
-difficulties following rules for conversation
…
Autism Spectrum Disorder
persistent social communication/interaction deficits across contexts; deficits in:
- social-emotional reciprocity
- nonverbal communication bxs used for social interaction
- developing, maintaining, understanding relationships
restricted, repetitive patterns of bx, interests, or activities, manifested by 2+ of these:
- stereotyped/repetitive movements
- sameness, inflexible routines, ritualized bx patterns
- restricted, fixated interests abnormal intensity or focus
- hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes w functioning or development for 6+ months
- inattention
- entails an inability to stay on task, seeming not to listen, and losing materials, at levels that are inconsistent w age or developmental level
- inattention
Does ADD exist?
no
Specific Learning Dx
deficits in ability to perceive or process information efficiently and accurately
-impairing difficulties w reading, writing, and/or math
Neurodevelopmental Motor Disorders
Tics…
