Substance-Related, Addictive and Impulse-Control Disorders Flashcards
Range
of problems associated with the use and abuse
of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin,
and other substances people use to alter the
way they think, feel, and behave. These are
extremely costly in human and financial terms.
substance-related and addictive disorders
Disorders in which a
person acts on an irresistible, but potentially
harmful, impulse.
impulse-control disorders
Cognitive, biological,
behavioral, and social problems associated
with alcohol use and abuse.
alcohol-related disorders
Substances, such as
drugs, that alter mood or behavior.
psychoactive substance
The ingestion of psychoactive substances
in moderate amounts that does not
significantly interfere with social, educational,
or occupational functioning.
substance use
Antianxiety drugs including
Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, and Halcion also
used to treat insomnia. Effective against
anxiety (and, at high potency, panic disorder),
they show some side effects, such as
some cognitive and motor impairment, and
may result in substance dependence. Relapse
rates are extremely high when the drug is
discontinued.
benzodiazepines
Stimulant medication used to
treat hypersomnia by keeping the person
awake during the day, and to treat narcolepsy,
including sudden onset episodes, by suppressing
rapid eye movement sleep.
amphetamines
A problematic pattern of
cannabis use leading to clinically significant
impairment or distress.
cannabis use disorders
Need for increased amounts of a
substance to achieve the desired effect, and a
diminished effect with continued use of the
same amount.
tolerance
Severely negative physiological
reaction to removal of a psychoactive
substance, which can be alleviated by the
same or a similar substance.
withdrawal
Pattern of psychoactive substance
use leading to significant distress or
impairment in social and occupational roles
and in hazardous situations.
substance abuse
Psychoactive substances that elevate
mood, activity, and alertness, including
amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, and
nicotine.
stimulants
Addictive psychoactive substances such
as heroin, opium, and morphine that cause
temporary euphoria and analgesia (pain
reduction).
opiates
Any psychoactive substance
such as LSD or marijuana that can produce
delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and
altered sensory perception.
hallucinogens
Other substances that are
abused but do not fit easily into one of the
common categories including inhalants,
anabolic steroids, and other over-the-counter
and prescription medications.
other drugs of abuse
Persistent and recurrent
problematic gambling behavior leading
to clinically significant impairment or
distress
gambling disorder
Frightening hallucinations and body tremors
that result when a heavy drinker withdraws
from alcohol.
withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens/DTs)
Organic brain
syndrome resulting from prolonged heavy
alcohol use, involving confusion, unintelligible
speech, and loss of motor coordination.
It may be caused by a deficiency of thiamine,
a vitamin metabolized poorly by heavy
drinkers.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Pattern of problems
including learning difficulties, behavior
deficits, and characteristic physical flaws,
resulting from heavy drinking by the victim’s
mother when she was pregnant with the
victim.
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Cognitive, biological,
behavioral, and social problems associated
with the use and abuse of nicotine.
tobacco-related disorders
Dried flowers and
leaves of the hemp plant; a hallucinogen that
is the most widely used illegal substance.
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) (marijuana)
Most
common hallucinogenic drug; a synthetic
version of the grain fungus ergot.
LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide)
Cognitive, biological,
behavioral, and social problems associated
with the use and abuse of hallucinogenic
substances.
hallucinogen use disorders
Toxic and addictive substance found in
tobacco leaves.
nicotine
Patch placed on the skin that
delivers nicotine to smokers without the
carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Somewhat
more successful than nicotine gum because it
requires less effort by the wearer and delivers
the drug more consistently; should be coupled
with counseling to stop smoking and avoid
relapse.
nicotine patch
Medications that block or
counteract the effects of psychoactive
drugs.
antagonist drugs
An extremely controversial
treatment approach to alcohol dependence,
in which severe abusers are taught to drink in
moderation.
controlled drinking
Extending therapeutic progress
by teaching the client how to cope with
future troubling situations.
relapse prevention
Persistent and recurrent
problematic gambling behavior leading
to clinically significant impairment or
distress
gambling disorder
Episodes during
which a person acts on aggressive impulses
that result in serious assaults or destruction of
property.
intermittent explosive disorder
Recurrent failure to resist urges to
steal things not needed for personal use or
their monetary value.
kleptomania
An impulse-control disorder that
involves having an irresistible urge to set fires.
pyromania
