Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Question 1

Neurologically based disorders that are revealed in a clinically significant way during a child’s developing years.

Answer 1

neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 2

Developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness.

Answer 2

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 3

Developmental disorder featuring multiple dysfunctional motor and vocal tics.

Answer 3

Tourette’s disorder

Question 4

Genes that are deleted as a result of mutations; these deletions may play a role in the development of ADHD and other disorders.

Answer 4

copy number variants

Question 5

Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by academic performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education.

Answer 5

specific learning disorder

Question 6

Repetitions of words or parts of words, as well as prolongations of speech sounds.

Answer 6

childhood—onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

Question 7

Getting one’s meaning or message across to others (expressive language disorder), or understanding the message coming from others (receptive language disorder).

Answer 7

language disorder

Question 8

Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity.

Answer 8

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Question 9

Pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2- to 4-year period of normal development.

Answer 9

childhood disintegrative disorder

Question 10

Progressive neurodevelopmental disorder featuring constant hand- wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills.

Answer 10

Rett disorder

Question 11

Wide-ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18.

Answer 11

pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified

Question 12

Attention shared by two persons toward an object after one person has indicated interest in the object to the other person; this social interaction is limited or absent in people with autism spectrum disorder.

Answer 12

joint attention

Question 13

Vocal characteristics such as tone and stress; people with autism spectrum disorder often have trouble recognizing and interpreting these vocal cues.

Answer 13

prosody

Question 14

Instructional techniques that are used with children having neurodevelopmental disorders and that move away from traditional desk instruction toward more natural social interactions.

Answer 14

naturalistic teaching strategies

Question 15

A diagnosis received when one achieves a significantly below average score on a test of intelligence and by limitations in the ability to function in areas of daily life.

Answer 15

intellectual disability (ID)

Question 16

Recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a food chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and behavior problems. It can be detected by infant screening and prevented by a specialized diet.

Answer 16

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 17

X-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior.

Answer 17

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Question 18

Type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance. Sometimes known as trisomy 21.

Answer 18

Down syndrome

Question 19

Prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection of abnormalities (for example, Down syndrome) in the developing fetus. It involves removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother.

Answer 19

amniocentesis

Question 20

A genetic test conducted during early pregnancy that samples cells found in the placenta (chorionic villi) and assesses possible genetic or chromosomal problems in the fetus.

Answer 20

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 21

Pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the X chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual physical characteristics.

Answer 21

fragile X syndrome

Question 22

Mild intellectual disability that may be caused largely by environmental influences.

Answer 22

cultural–familial intellectual disability