Neurodevelopmental Disorder Flashcards
Neurologically based disorders that are revealed in a clinically significant way during a child’s developing years.
neurodevelopmental disorders
Developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness.
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Developmental disorder featuring multiple dysfunctional motor and vocal tics.
Tourette’s disorder
Genes that are deleted as a result of mutations; these deletions may play a role in the development of ADHD and other disorders.
copy number variants
Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by academic performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education.
specific learning disorder
Repetitions of words or parts of words, as well as prolongations of speech sounds.
childhood—onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
Getting one’s meaning or message across to others (expressive language disorder), or understanding the message coming from others (receptive language disorder).
language disorder
Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity.
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2- to 4-year period of normal development.
childhood disintegrative disorder
Progressive neurodevelopmental disorder featuring constant hand- wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills.
Rett disorder
Wide-ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18.
pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified
Attention shared by two persons toward an object after one person has indicated interest in the object to the other person; this social interaction is limited or absent in people with autism spectrum disorder.
joint attention
Vocal characteristics such as tone and stress; people with autism spectrum disorder often have trouble recognizing and interpreting these vocal cues.
prosody
Instructional techniques that are used with children having neurodevelopmental disorders and that move away from traditional desk instruction toward more natural social interactions.
naturalistic teaching strategies
A diagnosis received when one achieves a significantly below average score on a test of intelligence and by limitations in the ability to function in areas of daily life.
intellectual disability (ID)
Recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a food chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and behavior problems. It can be detected by infant screening and prevented by a specialized diet.
phenylketonuria (PKU)
X-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance. Sometimes known as trisomy 21.
Down syndrome
Prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection of abnormalities (for example, Down syndrome) in the developing fetus. It involves removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother.
amniocentesis
A genetic test conducted during early pregnancy that samples cells found in the placenta (chorionic villi) and assesses possible genetic or chromosomal problems in the fetus.
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the X chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual physical characteristics.
fragile X syndrome
Mild intellectual disability that may be caused largely by environmental influences.
cultural–familial intellectual disability
