Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person presenting with a possible psychological disorder.

A

clinical assessment

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2
Q

Process of determining whether a presenting problem meets the established criteria for a specific psychological disorder.

A

diagnosis

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3
Q

Degree to which a measurement is consistent, for example, over time or among different raters.

A

reliability

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4
Q

Degree to which a technique measures what it purports to measure.

A

validity

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5
Q

Process of establishing specific norms and requirements for a measurement technique to ensure it is used consistently across measurement occasions. This includes instructions for administering the measure, evaluating its findings, and comparing these to data for large numbers of people.

A

standardization

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6
Q

Relatively brief preliminary test of a client’s judgment, orientation to time and place, and emotional and mental state; typically conducted during an initial interview.

A

mental status exam

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7
Q

Measuring, observing, and systematically evaluating (rather than inferring) the client’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the actual problem situation or context.

A

behavioral assessment

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8
Q

Action by which clients observe and record their own behaviors as either an assessment of a problem and its change or a treatment procedure that makes them more aware of their responses. Also called self-observation.

A

self-monitoring

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9
Q

Psychoanalytically based measures that present ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their responses will reveal their unconscious conflicts. Such tests are inferential and lack high reliability and validity.

A

projective tests

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10
Q

Self-report questionnaires that assess personal traits by asking respondents to identify descriptions that apply to them.

A

personality inventories

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11
Q

Score on an intelligence test estimating a person’s deviation from average test performance.

A

intelligence quotient (IQ)

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12
Q

Assessment of brain and nervous system functioning by testing an individual’s performance on behavioral tasks.

A

neuropsychological test

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13
Q

Assessment error in which pathology is reported (that is, test results are positive) when none is actually present.

A

false positive

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14
Q

Assessment error in which no pathology is noted (that is, test results are negative) when one is actually present.

A

false negative

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15
Q

Sophisticated computer-aided procedures that allow nonintrusive examination of nervous system structure and function.

A

neuroimaging

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16
Q

Measurement of changes in the nervous system reflecting sychological or emotional events such as anxiety, stress, and sexual arousal.

A

psychophysiological assessment

17
Q

Measure of electrical activity patterns in the brain, taken through electrodes placed on the scalp.

A

electroencephalogram (EEG)

18
Q

Close and detailed investigation of an individual emphasizing what makes that person unique (compare with nomothetic strategy).

A

idiographic strategy

19
Q

Identification and examination of large groups of people with the same disorder to note similarities and develop general laws (compare with idiographic strategy).

A

nomothetic strategy

20
Q

Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics.

A

classification

21
Q

System of naming and classification (for example, of specimens) in science.

A

taxonomy

22
Q

Classification and naming system for medical and psychological phenomena.

A

nosology

23
Q

In a naming system or nosology, the actual labels or names that are applied. In psychopathology, these include mood disorders and eating disorders.

A

nomenclature

24
Q

Classification method founded on the assumption of clearcut differences among disorders, each with a different known cause.

A

classical (or pure) categorical approach

25
Q

Method of categorizing characteristics on a continuum rather than on a binary, either-or, or all-or-none basis.

A

dimensional approach

26
Q

System for categorizing disorders using both essential, defining characteristics and a range of variation on other characteristics.

A

prototypical approach

27
Q

The extent to which a disorder is found among a patient’s relatives.

A

familial aggregation

28
Q

Presence of two or more disorders in an individual at the same time.

A

comorbidity

29
Q

Applying a name to a phenomenon or a pattern of behavior. The label may acquire negative connotations or be applied erroneously to the person rather than that person’s behaviors.

A

labeling