Mood Disorders and Suicide Flashcards
Group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.
mood disorders
Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks.
major depressive episode
Period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria, associated with some mood disorders.
mania
Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders.
hypomanic episode
Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode.
mixed features
Mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (separated by at least 2 months without depression, recurrent) major depressive episodes.
major depressive disorder
Repeatedly occurring.
recurrent
Mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months.
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of persistent dysthymic mood. Also called “Persistent depressive disorder with intermittent major depressive episodes.”
double depression
Psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present.
hallucinations
Psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality.
delusion
Motor movement disturbance seen in people with some psychoses and mood disorders in which body postures are waxy and can be “sculpted” to remain fixed for long periods.
catalepsy
Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter.
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of a death and adjusts to the loss.
integrated grief
Grief characterized by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life; designated for further study as a disorder by DSM-5.
complicated grief
Clinically significant emotional problems that can occur during the premenstrual phase of the reproductive cycle of a woman.
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania.
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).
bipolar II disorder
Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes.
bipolar I disorder
Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.
cyclothymic disorder
Hormones that affect the brain and are increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology.
neurohormones
The theory according to which depression is the result of perceived or real absence of control over the outcome of an undesirable situation.
learned helplessness theory of depression
Thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future.
depressive cognitive triad
A medication used in the treatment of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, that is effective in preventing and treating pathological shifts in mood.
mood-stabilizing drug
Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes and, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles.
cognitive therapy
Brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role disputes, in marital conflict or forming relationships in marriage or a new job. It has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression.
interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
Combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy.
maintenance treatment
Serious thoughts about committing suicide.
suicidal ideation
The formulation of a specific method of killing oneself.
suicidal plans
Efforts made to kill oneself.
suicidal attempts
Postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death.
psychological autopsy
