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Substance Misuse Flashcards

1
Q

Describe 3 ways ecstasy is administered

A
  1. Powder
  2. Tablets
  3. Capsules
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2
Q

Describe 4 ways ecstasy affects the body

A 
Stimulant
     Increased alertness
     Mild sensory distortion
     Empathy
     Good will to others
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3
Q

Describe 3 negative effects of ecstasy

A
  1. Incoordination
  2. Hanover (lethargy, irritability, depression)
  3. Rise in body temperature
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4
Q

Describe 5 dental effects of ecstasy

A
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Chewing something / Bruxism
  3. TMJ pain
  4. TMJ clicking
  5. Paranaesthesia
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5
Q

Describe how methamphetamine is administered

A

Crystalline powder or tablet, which is smoking, injected, snorted or orally consumed

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6
Q

Describe 4 ways methamphetamine affects the body

A 
Intense Rush
     Euphoria
     Arousal
     Increase physical activity and respiration
     Decreased appetite
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7
Q

Describe 5 negative effects of methamphetamine

A
  1. Depression / Anxiety
  2. Violent and aggressive behaviour
  3. Paranoia and hallucinations
  4. Compulsive repetitive behaviour
  5. Jaw clenching
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8
Q

Describe 6 dental implications of methamphetamine

A
  1. High tooth loss
  2. High prevalence of decay
  3. Erosion
  4. Bruxism
  5. Attrition
  6. TMJ
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9
Q

Describe 4 ways cannabis is administered

A
  1. Smoked
  2. Foot
  3. Tea
  4. Chewed
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10
Q

Describe 4 psychological effects of cannabis

A
  1. Excitement
  2. Hilarity
  3. Heightened awareness
  4. Sense of wellbeing
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11
Q

Name 3 negative effects of cannabis

A
  1. Impaired attention and memory
  2. Increased blood pressure
  3. Increased heart rate
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12
Q

Describe 3 ways cocaine can be administered

A
  1. Powder which is snorted through tube
  2. Crack which is smoked through pipe
  3. Speedballing which is injection with heroin
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13
Q

Describe 3 ways cocaine affects the body

A

Stimulant
Alertness
Energetic
Confidence

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14
Q

Name 3 negative effects of cocaine

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Depression
  3. Paranoia
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15
Q

Name 3 oral effects of cocaine

A
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Bruxism
  3. Oral mucosal ulcerations
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16
Q

Describe 2 ways heroin is administered

A
  1. Brown powder which is smoked

2. Powder injected

17
Q

Describe 3 ways heroin affects the body

A
  1. Euphoria
  2. Analgesia
  3. Anxiety-free
18
Q

Name 4 negative effects of heroin

A
  1. Respiratory depression
  2. Lethargy
  3. Constipation
  4. Histamine release
19
Q

Describe methadone as a drug

A
  • Synthetic opiate derived in Germany 1939
  • Daily syrup
  • Long half life
  • Maintenance and detoxification programs
20
Q

Describe 4 ways opiates can cause oral disease

A
  1. Frequency of sugar consumption may lead to caries
  2. Oral hygeine
  3. Xerostomia
  4. Analgesia
21
Q

Describe what NSPs are

A
  • New Psychoactive Substances
  • Predominantly synthetic versions of existing drugs to avoid legal sanction and detection
  • Easily available through the internet and retail outlets
22
Q

Name 6 barriers to care for patients suffering from substance misuse

A
  1. Anxiety / Fear
  2. No perceived need for treatment
  3. Missed appointments
  4. Waiting lists
  5. Expense
  6. Staff attitudes
23
Q

Describe 5 effects of prolonged abuse of alcohol

A
  1. Memory loss
  2. Alcoholic hepatitis
  3. Cirrhosis
  4. Peptic ulcers
  5. Cardiomyopathy
24
Q

Name 3 treatments for alcohol abuse

A
  1. CBT
  2. Naltrexone
  3. High protein diet
25
Describe 5 oral findings of alcohol abuse
1. Neglect (advanced caries and disease) 2. Erosion from vomiting 3. Nocturnal bruxism (attrition and TMJ issues) 4. Deficiencies 5. Parotid gland enlargement
26
Describe dental management of patients suffering from alcohol abuse
- Appointments in the morning - Care with consent for treatment if patients are intoxicated - Mouthwashes are alcohol free - Liver cirrhosis can affect drug metabolism - Wound healing delayed - Avoid aspirin and metronidazole
27
Describe the symptoms of depression
- Sadness / Anxiety - Hopelessness / Pessimism - Guilt - Decrease in energy - Ability to concentrate - Chronic pain
28
Name 3 anti depressant drugs which may be used
1. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Tranylcypromine) 2. Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline) 3. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (Fluoxetine)
29
Describe the oral findings of a person suffering from depression
- Xerostomia leading to candidiasis and increase in caries - Taste disturbances - Bodily complaints (facial pain, burning mouth) - Prevention is very important
30
Describe the characteristics of mania
Abnormal elation, grandiose notions, distractability, beliefs in ability and powers, high energy
31
What is bipolar?
Mania with recurrent episodes of depression which can involve psychotic symptoms and delusinos
32
Name 3 treatments for mania
1. CBT 2. Lithium / Valproate 3. Carbamazepine
33
Describe 3 drug induced oral complications of mania
1. Lithium can cause xerostomia 2. Carbamazepine can cause mouth ulcers 3. Avoid diazepam, NSAIDs, metronidazole and tetracyclines
34
Describe 5 oral findings of a patient suffering from mania
1. Poor oral hygeine 2. Increased caries and decreased salivary flow 3. Attrition 4. Smoking more likely 5. Delusional oral symptoms
35
Describe the dental treatment of a schizophrenic patient
- Approach patient slowly in non-threatening manner - Adopt open manner with no whispering - Protect airway as poor gag reflex - Short appointments recommended - Prevention important
36
Describe 4 components of interdisciplinary approach to treatment
Referrals - Pharmacist, drug clinics and GMPs Education - Substance users, dentists, drug workers Oral Health Promotion - Initial assessment, information, fluoride Policy - Inclusion of oral health in treatment strategies

Paediatrics (12 decks)

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