Substance Misuse Flashcards
Describe 3 ways ecstasy is administered
- Powder
- Tablets
- Capsules
Describe 4 ways ecstasy affects the body
Stimulant
Increased alertness
Mild sensory distortion
Empathy
Good will to othersDescribe 3 negative effects of ecstasy
- Incoordination
- Hanover (lethargy, irritability, depression)
- Rise in body temperature
Describe 5 dental effects of ecstasy
- Dry mouth
- Chewing something / Bruxism
- TMJ pain
- TMJ clicking
- Paranaesthesia
Describe how methamphetamine is administered
Crystalline powder or tablet, which is smoking, injected, snorted or orally consumed
Describe 4 ways methamphetamine affects the body
Intense Rush
Euphoria
Arousal
Increase physical activity and respiration
Decreased appetiteDescribe 5 negative effects of methamphetamine
- Depression / Anxiety
- Violent and aggressive behaviour
- Paranoia and hallucinations
- Compulsive repetitive behaviour
- Jaw clenching
Describe 6 dental implications of methamphetamine
- High tooth loss
- High prevalence of decay
- Erosion
- Bruxism
- Attrition
- TMJ
Describe 4 ways cannabis is administered
- Smoked
- Foot
- Tea
- Chewed
Describe 4 psychological effects of cannabis
- Excitement
- Hilarity
- Heightened awareness
- Sense of wellbeing
Name 3 negative effects of cannabis
- Impaired attention and memory
- Increased blood pressure
- Increased heart rate
Describe 3 ways cocaine can be administered
- Powder which is snorted through tube
- Crack which is smoked through pipe
- Speedballing which is injection with heroin
Describe 3 ways cocaine affects the body
Stimulant
Alertness
Energetic
Confidence
Name 3 negative effects of cocaine
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Paranoia
Name 3 oral effects of cocaine
- Dry mouth
- Bruxism
- Oral mucosal ulcerations
Describe 2 ways heroin is administered
- Brown powder which is smoked
2. Powder injected
Describe 3 ways heroin affects the body
- Euphoria
- Analgesia
- Anxiety-free
Name 4 negative effects of heroin
- Respiratory depression
- Lethargy
- Constipation
- Histamine release
Describe methadone as a drug
- Synthetic opiate derived in Germany 1939
- Daily syrup
- Long half life
- Maintenance and detoxification programs
Describe 4 ways opiates can cause oral disease
- Frequency of sugar consumption may lead to caries
- Oral hygeine
- Xerostomia
- Analgesia
Describe what NSPs are
- New Psychoactive Substances
- Predominantly synthetic versions of existing drugs to avoid legal sanction and detection
- Easily available through the internet and retail outlets
Name 6 barriers to care for patients suffering from substance misuse
- Anxiety / Fear
- No perceived need for treatment
- Missed appointments
- Waiting lists
- Expense
- Staff attitudes
Describe 5 effects of prolonged abuse of alcohol
- Memory loss
- Alcoholic hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Peptic ulcers
- Cardiomyopathy
Name 3 treatments for alcohol abuse
- CBT
- Naltrexone
- High protein diet
Describe 5 oral findings of alcohol abuse
- Neglect (advanced caries and disease)
- Erosion from vomiting
- Nocturnal bruxism (attrition and TMJ issues)
- Deficiencies
- Parotid gland enlargement
Describe dental management of patients suffering from alcohol abuse
- Appointments in the morning
- Care with consent for treatment if patients are intoxicated
- Mouthwashes are alcohol free
- Liver cirrhosis can affect drug metabolism
- Wound healing delayed
- Avoid aspirin and metronidazole
Describe the symptoms of depression
- Sadness / Anxiety
- Hopelessness / Pessimism
- Guilt
- Decrease in energy
- Ability to concentrate
- Chronic pain
Name 3 anti depressant drugs which may be used
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Tranylcypromine)
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline)
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (Fluoxetine)
Describe the oral findings of a person suffering from depression
- Xerostomia leading to candidiasis and increase in caries
- Taste disturbances
- Bodily complaints (facial pain, burning mouth)
- Prevention is very important
Describe the characteristics of mania
Abnormal elation, grandiose notions, distractability, beliefs in ability and powers, high energy
What is bipolar?
Mania with recurrent episodes of depression which can involve psychotic symptoms and delusinos
Name 3 treatments for mania
- CBT
- Lithium / Valproate
- Carbamazepine
Describe 3 drug induced oral complications of mania
- Lithium can cause xerostomia
- Carbamazepine can cause mouth ulcers
- Avoid diazepam, NSAIDs, metronidazole and tetracyclines
Describe 5 oral findings of a patient suffering from mania
- Poor oral hygeine
- Increased caries and decreased salivary flow
- Attrition
- Smoking more likely
- Delusional oral symptoms
Describe the dental treatment of a schizophrenic patient
- Approach patient slowly in non-threatening manner
- Adopt open manner with no whispering
- Protect airway as poor gag reflex
- Short appointments recommended
- Prevention important
Describe 4 components of interdisciplinary approach to treatment
Referrals - Pharmacist, drug clinics and GMPs
Education - Substance users, dentists, drug workers
Oral Health Promotion - Initial assessment, information, fluoride
Policy - Inclusion of oral health in treatment strategies
