Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Local Anaesthetics > Flashcards

Local Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common use of local anaesthetic?

A
  • Operative pain control
  • Minimal caries removal may not require LA (slow speed)
  • All other cavity preparations require LA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 2 uses of LA, other than operative pain control

A
  1. Diagnostic tooth

2. Control of haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 3 forms of surface anaesthetics available

A
  1. Spray
  2. Gel
  3. Solution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 2 commonly used surface anaesthetic gels

A
  1. 20% benzocaine

2. 5% lidocaine analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most commonly used surface anaesthetic spray?

A

10% lidocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 2 topical anaesthetics for skin (not recommended intraorally)

A
  1. EMLA (Lidocaine 2.5% and Prilocaine 2.5%)

2. Ametop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 6 convention LA (amide) solutions used

A
  1. Lidocaine Hydrochloride (2%) with adrenaline (1:80,000)
  2. Plain Lidocaine
  3. Prilocaine (3%)
  4. Mepivicaine Hydrochloride (3%) with no adrenaline
  5. Articaine (4%) with adrenaline (1:100,000)
  6. Bupivicaine (0.25%) with adrenaline (1:200,000)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the gold standard UK solution of choice for conventional LA?

A

Lidocaine Hydrochloride (2%) with adrenaline (1:80,000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compare articaine to lidocaine

A
  • Fast onset
  • Profound anaesthetic so less LA used
  • Less preservatives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 2 commonly used LA techniques in children

A
  1. Infiltration

2. Regional block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an infiltration anaeshtetic?

A

Extravascular placement of LA in region to be anaesthetized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the aim of infiltration?

A
  • Deposit LA near to apex, supra-periosteal
  • 0.5-1.0ml sufficient for pulpal anaesthesia
  • Buccal approach closer to apex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the LA technique of choice in the maxilla?

A

Infiltrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe infiltration use in the mandible

A
  • Buccal infiltration adequate for primary molars
  • Unreliable for permanent molars
  • Block may be better
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the technique of an inferior alveolar block

A
  • Direct approach from primary molars opposite side
  • Syringe parallel to occlusal plane
  • Insertion approx 5mm above occlusal plane
  • If contact bone immediately, don’t withdraw
  • Short needle may be used in yougn child
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe how to carry out a lingual block

A

Withdraw half way following IDB, aspirate and deposit remaining solution

17
Q

Describe a mental block

A
  • Readily given as mental foramen faces anteriorly
  • Needle advanced in buccal sulcus between 1st and 2nd molar apices
  • Excellent soft tissue anaesthesia
  • Problem for incisors due to cross over supply
18
Q

Describe an intraligamentary anaesthesia

A
  • Intraosseous injection with LA entering via PDL

- Recommended dose is 0.2ml/root

19
Q

Name 2 needle free devices

A
  1. Jet injectors

2. Injex systems

20
Q

Name 3 advantages of needle free devices

A
  1. Mucosa anaesthetised to depth of 1cm without use of needle
  2. Deliver jet under high pressure
  3. Conventional LA solution used
21
Q

Name 4 advantages of injex systems

A
  1. Expensive
  2. Technique not applicable to all areas
  3. Soft tissue damage if careless techniques
  4. Loud noise and bad taste following delivery
22
Q

Name 3 advantages of intraligamentary anaesthesia

A
  1. Less uncomfortable than IDB or palatal
  2. Rapid onset and less effect on soft tissue
  3. Use in patients where IDB is containdicated
23
Q

Name a time when IDB is contra indicated

A

Bleeding disorders

24
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of intraligametary anaesthesia

A
  1. Immature root or short root has risk of avulsion

2. Risk of damage to permanent successor

25
Q

Name 4 contributing factors to the clinical decision on whether to administer LA to a child

A
  1. Age of child and cooperation
  2. Urgency and type of treatment
  3. Parental input
  4. Maxillary infiltration as first experience if possible
26
Q

Describe 4 points of organisation of equipment and materials of administration of LA

A
  1. Sharp fine needle
  2. Aspirating syringe
  3. Allow LA to reach room temperature
  4. Keep out of side
27
Q

Describe a good operator/patient position

A
  • Patient at 30 degrees to vertical
  • Sit / stand in front at 8 o’clock position
  • Have assistance present to restrain hands of child if necessary
28
Q

Describe good principles when informing the child about LA

A
  • Explanation is age dependent
  • Tooth going to sleep, patient awake etc
  • Explain and show topical gel
  • Parents on board
29
Q

Describe the technique of infiltration

A
  • Pull cheek so mucosa is taut
  • Position needle at muco-buccal fold beside tooth
  • Gently insert needle at same time pulling taut tissue over needle
  • Reassure and distract child
30
Q

Name 6 components of notes to write up following administration of LA

A
  1. Local analgesic solution and vasoconstrictor, in date
  2. Drug concentrations
  3. Amount given in cartridges and mL
  4. Site of injections
  5. Abnormal reactions
  6. Post operative instructions given
31
Q

Name 5 general complications of LA

A
  1. Psychogenic
  2. Allergy
  3. Drug interactions
  4. Infection
  5. Toxicity
32
Q

What is the maximum dose of lidocaine for a child?

A

4.4mg / kg

33
Q

How many mg of active ingredients is in one 2.2ml cartridge of 2% lidocaine?

A

44mg

34
Q

Name 5 early localized complications of LA

A
  1. Pain
  2. Intravascular administration
  3. Failure of LA
  4. Facial nerve paralysis
  5. Haematoma formation (trismus)
35
Q

Name 5 late localized complications of LA

A
  1. Self inflicted trauma
  2. Oral ulceration
  3. Long lasting anaesthesia
  4. Trismus
  5. Infection (introduction of bacteria at injection site)
36
Q

Name 3 general factors which may contra indicate use of LA

A
  1. Young age
  2. Disability prevention cooperation
  3. Treatment required (duration, difficult access)
37
Q

Name 3 medical history factors which may contra indicate use of LA

A
  1. Allergy
  2. Liver disease (reduce dose)
  3. Poor blood supply
38
Q

Name 4 specific techniques which may contra indicate use of LA

A
  1. Bleeding disorders
  2. Incomplete root formation
  3. Trismus
  4. Epilepsy

Paediatrics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions