Providing Care for People with Disabilities Flashcards
Describe the definition of disability
- May be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional or developmental
- May be present from birth or occur during a person’s lifetime
- Complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of person’s body and features of society in which they live
Describe the spectrum of disability
- Majority of people have minor or moderate disability
- Can live at home and functionally independent
- Small proportion live in care homes (high proportion of older people)
- Proportion increases with age
Describe 3 groups whose oral health is affected by disability, according to Faulks and Hennequin 2006
- Experience disability due to impairment of oral function
- Condition which has direct or indirect repercussions on oral health
- People disabled by social or environmental context which reflects oral health
Describe the demographics of disability
- Lower mortality rates of children with complex disabilities increasing
- Increasing life expectancy
- Increase volume of older people
- Cultural shift away from acceptability of tooth loss as part of ageing
Describe the demographics of disabled population
- 1/4 adults are affected by disability
- Disability increases with age
- 2/3 of people with disability are over 65 years old
Name 2 main causes of disability in patients up to 16 years old
- Genetic
2. Congenital
Name 2 main causes of disability in patients from 16-49 years old
- Trauma
2. Neurological conditions
Name 3 main causes of disability in patients from 50-64 years old
- Musculoskeletal
- Cardio-respiratory
- Neurological
Name 3 services who provide dental care for patients with disability
- General Dental Practitioners
- Community Dental Service (specialist in Special Care Dentistry)
- Hospital Dental Service (consultant / specialist in Special Care Dentistry)
Describe the multi disciplinary team with regards to special care dentistry
- Dentist / Specialist / Nurse / Hygienist
- GMPs
- Physicians
- Anaesthetists
- Psychiatrists
- Nurses
What is a carer?
Anyone who cares unpaid, for a friend or family member, who due to illness, disability, mental health problem or addiction cannot cope without their support
Describe the roles of a carer
- Banking
- Shopping
- Feeding
- Bathing
- Dressing
- Medicine administration
Describe 4 important aspects of patient access
- To building
- To dental surgery
- Domiciliary care
- Access to mouth
Describe 4 physical factors which may impact a disabled person’s access to the building
- Transport
- Car parking
- Access to building
- Time of appointments
Describe 3 staff attitudes which may impact a disabled person’s access to the building
- Attitudes of staff have influence over practice
- Staff attitudes must be aligned with current policy and visions
- Large investment and resources and effort made to train workers
Name 3 ways a dental surgery can be made more accessible for disabled patients
- Room for wheelchair to be brought alongside dental chair
- Hoists or Banana boards for transfer to chair
- Treat patient in wheelchair using attachments or reclining devices
What is domiciliary care?
Care at home
Name 3 advantages of domiciliary care
- May feel more comfortable and less anxious
- Less demanding for patient
- Reduce DNA and cancellations
Name 3 disadvantages of domiciliary care
- Emergencies may be hard to handle at home
- Demanding on service
- Facilities may be inadequate for dental treatment
Name 4 reasons access to the mouth may be limited
- Learning disabilities may lead to challenging behaviour
- Neuromuscular conditions may result in spasticity or hypotonic
- Medical conditions e.g rheumatoid arthritis
- Acute mental problems e.g Schizophrenia
Describe dementia
- Progressive, neurodegenerative disease which affects the ability to perform daily living activities
- Variety of syndromes
- Around 700,000 in UK suffering from dementia
- 1:2 male to female
Name 5 reversible dementias
- Drugs / Alcohol
- Emotion and depression
- Metabolic factors e.g Pernicious anaemia
- Trauma of brain tumours
- Infections e.g TB / HIV
Name 5 causes of irreversible dementia
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Vascular disease / Stroke
- Huntington’s disease
- CJD
- Brain tumours
Describe Alzheimer’s disease
- Most common form of dementia
- Involves part of the brain that controls thought, memory and language
- Combination of factors is responsible
- Age is great risk factor
- More common in water
