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ADN 213 > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Addiction

A

A compulsive or chronic requirement. The need is so strong as to generate distress (physical or psychological) if left unfulfilled

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2
Q

Substance use disorder

A

When use of a substance interferes with one’s ability to fulfill role obligations, such as work, school or home

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3
Q

Substance intoxication

A
  • the development of a reversible syndrome of symptoms following excessive use of a substance
  • the symptoms are drug-specific and occur during or shortly after the ingestion of a substance
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4
Q

Substance intoxication manifestations

A
  • judgement is disturbed
  • there is inappropriate and maladaptive behavior
  • social and occupational functioning are impaired
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5
Q

Substance withdrawal

A

Occurs upon abrupt reduction or discontinuation of a substance that has been used over a prolonged period of time

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6
Q

Substance withdrawal manifestations

A
  • substance-specific clinically significant signs and symptoms
  • psychological changes such as disturbances in thinking, feeling and behavior
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7
Q

Alcohol

A
  • blocks messages between neurons

- works on GABA neurotransmitter to relax person

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8
Q

Alcohol symptoms of use

A
  • CNS depression
  • relaxation
  • loss of inhibitions
  • lack of concentration
  • drowsiness
  • slurred speech
  • sleep
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9
Q

Alcohol therapeutic uses

A
  • antidote for methanol consumption

- ingredient in many pharmacological concentrates

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10
Q

Sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs

A
  • anxiolytic drugs that produce relaxation and drowsiness

- includes barbiturates and benzodiazepines

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11
Q

Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic symptoms of use

A
  • CNS depression varying from tranquilizing relief of anxiety to anesthesia, coma, death
  • same as alcohol
  • generally categorized as 1) barbiturates 2) nonbarbiturate hypnotics 3) antianxiety agents
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12
Q

Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic therapeutic uses

A
  • relief from anxiety/insomnia

- as anticonvulsants and anesthetics

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13
Q

Stimulants

A
  • increase the CNS activity, blood pressure, heart rate, alertness
  • caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines
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14
Q

Amphetamines and related drugs

A
  • similar effects as cocaine
  • produce rush
  • increase energy and alertness
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15
Q

Amphetamines and related drugs symptoms of use

A
  • CNS stimulation
  • hyperactivity
  • agitation
  • euphoria
  • insomnia
  • loss of appetite
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16
Q

Amphetamines and related drugs therapeutic uses

A
  • management of narcolepsy
  • hyperkinesia
  • weight control
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17
Q

Cocaine

A
  • most powerful natural stimulant known

- increases supply of dopamine in brain causing euphoric rush

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18
Q

Cocaine symptoms of use

A
  • CNS stimulation
  • euphoria
  • hyperactivity
  • restlessness
  • talkativeness
  • ^ HR
  • dilated pupils
  • rhinitis
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19
Q

Synthetic stimulants symptoms of use

A
  • CNS stimulation
  • agitation
  • insomnia
  • irritability
  • dizziness
  • dec ability to think clearly
  • ^ HR
  • CP
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20
Q

Opioids

A
  • brings on rush or spasm of warmth/ecstasy, following by several hours of high
  • binds to receptors that receive endorphins, mimic effects of pleasure and calm
  • aka narcotics
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21
Q

Opioids symptoms of use

A
  • euphoria
  • lethargy
  • drowsiness
  • lack of motivation
  • constricted pupils
22
Q

Opioids therapeutic uses

A
  • as analgesics, antidiarrheals and antitussives
  • methadone in substitution therapy
  • heroin has no therapeutic use
23
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • produce powerful sensory changes including delusions and hallucinations
  • tolerance and withdrawal are rare
  • dangers include having a bad trip/flashbacks
24
Q

Hallucinogens symptoms of use

A
  • visual hallucinations
  • disorientation/confusion
  • paranoid delusions
  • euphoria
  • anxiety/panic
  • ^ HR
25
Q

Hallucinogens therapeutic uses

A
  • LSD has been proposed in the treatment of alcoholism and chronic pain
25
Q

Cannabinols

A
  • produces mixture of depressant, stimulant and hallucinogenic effects
  • major active ingredient is THC
26
Q

Cannabinols symptoms of use

A
  • relaxation
  • talkativeness
  • lowered inhibitions
  • euphoria
  • mood swings
27
Q

Cannabinols therapeutic uses

A
  • marijuana can be used to relieve n/v in chemo and reduced eye pressure in glaucoma
28
Q

Inhalants

A
  • bugging or huffing
  • gasoline, varnish remover, lighter fluid, airplane glue, rubber cement, cleaning fluid, spray paint, shoe conditioner, typewriter correction fluid
29
Q

Inhalants symptoms of use

A
  • dizziness
  • ataxia
  • euphoria
  • excitation
  • disinhibition
30
Q

Biological predisposing factors

A
  • genetics accounts for 40-60% of a persons vulnerability

- children of alcoholics 4x more likely to follow

31
Q

Psychological predisposing factors

A
  • low self-esteem, depression, passivity, antisocial personality traits, the inability to relax, ineffective communication increase risk
  • “addictive thinking” stems from denial, projection and rationalization
32
Q

Sociocultural predisposing factors

A
  • individuals can become conditioned to rely on a substance

- cultural factors

33
Q

Dual diagnosis

A
  • clients with a coexisting substance disorder and mental disorder may be assigned to a special program that targets the dual diagnosis
  • peer support groups
  • psychodynamic therapy
  • 12-step recovery programs
  • substance-abuse groups
34
Q

Major treatment objectives identified for clients with substance abuse disorders

A
  • detoxification
  • intermediate care
  • rehabilitation
35
Q

Client/family education: nature of the illness

A
  • effects of substance on the body

- ways the substance affects life

36
Q

Client/family education: management of the illness

A
  • activities to substitute for substance
  • relaxation techniques
  • problem solving skills
  • the essentials of good nutrition
37
Q

Client/family education: support services

A
  • financial assistance
  • legal assistance
  • AA
  • one-to-one support person
38
Q

The chemically impaired nurse

A
  • 10 to 15 percent of nurses suffer from the disease of chemical dependency
  • alcohol is the most widely abused drug, followed closely by narcotics
39
Q

Chemically impaired nurse: state board response

A
  • may deny, suspend or revoke a license

- nurse may avoid discipline by agreeing to treatment

40
Q

Chemically impaired nurse: peer assistance programs

A
  • a program established by the ANA

- implemented by nurse members of the state associations and nurses in recovery themselves

41
Q

Alcoholics anonymous

A

Accepts alcoholism as an illness and promotes total abstinence as the only cure

42
Q

Pharmacotherapy for alcoholism

A
  • Disulfiram (Antabuse)
  • Naltrexone (ReVia)
  • Benzodiazepines
43
Q

Disulfiram (Antabuse) for alcoholism

A
  • admin as a deterrent to drinking
  • ingestion of ETOH while this is in the body causes significant discomfort
  • symptoms occur w/in 5-10 mins and last as long as it takes for ETOH to be metabolized
44
Q

Naltrexone (ReVia) for alcholism

A

Binds to receptors in the brain that produce feelings of pleasure when alcohol or opiates are ingested

45
Q

Benzodiazepines for alcoholism

A
  • used for substitution therapy in alcohol w/d
  • start at high doses and decrease daily until w/d is complete
  • additional doses for breakthrough s/s
46
Q

Types of therapies to treat substance addiction

A
  • counseling

- group therapy

47
Q

Pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction

A
  • Nalaxone (Narcan), Naltrexone (ReVia), Nalmefene (Revex) = narcotic antagonists
  • Methadone, Buprenorphine, Clonidine (Catapres) = substitution
48
Q

Pharmacotherapy for sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic addiction

A
  • Phenobarbitol (Luminal) = long-acting barbiturate
49
Q

Pharmacotherapy for addiction to a stimulant

A
  • Chlordiazepoxide, Haloperiodol (Haldol) = antipsychotics, tranquilizers
50
Q

Pharmacotherapy for addiction to hallucinogens or cannabinols

A

Benzodiazepines may be rx to treat anxiety or panic

ADN 213 (14 decks)

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