Anxiety & Trauma-Related Disorders Flashcards
Panic disorder
Characterized by recurrent panic attacks at unpredictable intervals
Panic disorder - manifestations
- intense apprehension
- fear or terror
- feelings of impending doom
- intense physical discomfort
Generalized anxiety disorder
- characterized by persistent, unrealistic and excessive anxiety and worry
- has occurred more days than not for at last 6 mos.
- cannot be attributed to organic factors such as caffeine, hypothyroidism
Generalized anxiety disorder - manifestations
- anxiety
- worry
- muscle tension
- restlessness
- feeling “keyed up” or on edge
Agoraphobia
- fear of being in open shops and markets
- may be more related to fears of being vulnerable and in a less secure environment
Agoraphobia - manifestations
Fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available in the event that panic symptoms occur
Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
Excessive fear of situations in which a person may do something embarrassing or be evaluated negatively by others
Social anxiety disorder - manifestations
Exposure to the phobic situation may cause:
- sweating
- tachycardia
- dyspnea
OCD
- the presence of obsessions, compulsions or both
- the severity of which is significant enough to cause distress or impairment in in social, occ. or other areas of fxning
- the individual realizes that the behavior is excessive/unreasonable
- because of the feeling of relief of discomfort that it promotes, the individual is compelled to continue the act
OCD - manifestations
- the presence of obsessions, compulsions or both
- common compulsions = hand washing, ordering, checking, praying, repeating words silently
Body dysmorphic disorders
- characterized by the exaggerated belief that the body is deformed or defective in some way
- most common complaints involve the imagined or slight flaws of the face
Body dysmorphic disorders - manifestations
- clients present with complains involving a part/parts of the body
- in some instances, a true defect is present
- the significance of the defect is grossly exaggerated and the persons concern is excessive
Hair pulling disorder
- the recurrent pulling out of ones hair that results in hair loss
- the impulse is preceded by an increasing sense of tension and results in a sense of relief or gratification from pulling out the hair
Hair pulling disorder- manifestations
- excessive pulling out of the hair
- most often scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes
Hoarding disorder
- persistent difficulties in discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of actual value
- “excessive acquisition” may occur, the excessive need to acquire items
Hoarding disorder- manifestations
- perfectionism
- indecisiveness
- anxiety
- depression
- distractibility
- difficulty planning/organizing tasks
Somatic symptom disorder
- a syndrome of multiple somatic symptoms that cannot be explained medically
- associated with psychosocial distress and long-term seeking of assistance from healthcare professionals
Somatic symptom disorder - manifestations
- individuals present with subjective symptoms that are vague, dramatized or exaggerated in their presentation
- an excessive amount of time and worry is devoted to concern about symptoms
- sufferers adamantly reject and are irritated by the implication that stress or psychosocial symptoms play a role in their condition
Dissociative amnesia
- an inability to recall important information, usually of traumatic or stressful nature
- it is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness and is not due to the direct effects of substance abuse or a medical condition
Dissociative amnesia - manifestations
- the individual usually appears alert
- some clients may present with alterations in consciousness, conversion symptoms or in trance states
Dissociative identity disorder
- the existence of two or more personality states in a single individual
- sometimes referred to as “alter identities” or “alters”
- only one personality evident at any given moment
- one personality is dominant
- transition can be gradual or sudden
Depersonalization-derealization disorder
- described as the persistence or recurrence of depersonalization, derealization or both
- characterized by a temporary change in the quality of self-awareness
Depersonalization-derealization disorder - manifestations
- often takes the form of feelings of detachment from the environment or a sense of observing oneself from outside the body
PTSD
- a reaction to an extreme trauma, which is likely to cause pervasive distress to almost anyone
- symptoms must be present for > 1 month and significantly interfere with functioning
PTSD - manifestations
- re-experiencing the traumatic event
- a sustained high level of anxiety or arousal
- general numbing of responsiveness
- nightmares are common
Acute stress disorder
PTSD, except the symptoms resolve within one month
Adjustment disorder
- characterized by maladaptive reactions to an identifiable stressor(s)
- results in the development of clinically significant emotional or behavioral symptoms
- response occurs within 3 mos. of the onset of the stressor, will resolve within 6 mos. of the stressor and it’s consequences ending
Adjustment disorder - manifestations
- the individual shows impairment is social or occupational functioning
- exhibits symptoms that are in excess of an expected reaction to the stressor
Interventions for anxiety disorders
- individual psychotherapy
- cognitive therapy
- behavior therapy (systematic desensitization, implosion therapy)
- psychopharmacology (antidepressants, anxiolytics)
Interventions for trauma-related disorders
- cognitive therapy
- prolonged exposure therapy
- group/family therapy
- eye-movement desensitization + reprocessing
- psychopharmacology (antidepressants, anxiolytics)
