Pediatric Psych Flashcards
1
Q
Autism spectrum disorder
A
- encompasses a broad spectrum of diagnoses that include autistic disorder, Rett’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder and Asperger’s disorder
- dx is adapted to each individual by clinical specifiers and associated features
2
Q
ASD epidemiology and course
A
- 1 in 68 children in the US
- 5x more often in boys than girls
- 46% of individuals have avg/above avg IQ
- onset occurs in early childhood, symptoms persist into adulthood
3
Q
ASD manifestations
A
- social interaction/relationship difficulties
- verbal/non-verbal communication challenges
- tendency to engage in repetitive behaviors
- imaginative activity
- highly restricted, focused interests
- hypo- or hyper-reactivity to sensory input
- s/s vary WIDELY
4
Q
ASD predisposing factors
A
- neurological implications
- GENETICS
- PRENATAL/PERINATAL INFLUENCES
5
Q
Common problems that impact health of children with ASD
A
- feeding problems/nutritional concerns
- sleep disorders
- wandering
- pica
- behavioral health disorders
- GI problems
- seizures
6
Q
Treatment of ASD
A
- often a team effort including PT, OT, speech therapy, counseling
- applied behavioral analysis (ABA) often effective
7
Q
ASD inteventions
A
- ensure safety
- identify preferred method of communication, use short/succinct statements
- may need meds (Risperidone, Arpiprazole)
8
Q
ADHD
A
- essential behavior pattern is one of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
- these children are highly distractible and unable to contain stimuli
- motor activity is excessive, movements are random and impulsive
9
Q
Dx of ADHD
A
- usually between 4 and 12 yrs
- Present in 2 or more settings
- clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, school, or work functioning.
10
Q
Subtypes of ADHD
A
- combined presentation
- predominantly inattentive presentation
- predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation
11
Q
ADHD predisposing factors
A
- more common in boys
- genetics
- prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors (exposures, infections, trauma)
- lead exposure
- psychosocial influences
12
Q
ADHD manifestations
A
- difficulty performing age-appropriate tasks
- difficulty forming satisfactory personal relationships
- excessive energy
- often with co-existing psych disorders
13
Q
ADHD meds
A
- Methylphenidate often
14
Q
Oppositional defiant disorder
A
- persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior that occurs more frequently than is usually observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental level that interferes with social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
- often precedes conduct disorder
15
Q
Dx of ODD
A
- more prevalent in boys than girls before puberty, but then rates are more closely equal
- typically begins by age 8 and usually not later than adolescence
- can be mild, moderate, or sever
16
Q
ODD predisposing factors
A
- genetics?
- family influences
- environmental factors
17
Q
ODD manifestations
A
- passive-aggressive behaviors (stubbornness, procrastination, disobedience, carelessness, negativism, testing of limits, resistance to directions, deliberately ignoring the communication of others, unwillingness to compromise)
- running away
- school avoidance
- school underachievement
- temper tantrums
- fighting
- argumentativeness
18
Q
Treatment of ODD
A
- individual therapy
- help client realize that feelings of inadequacy provoke defensive behaviors
- provide immediate, nonthreatening feedback for passive-aggressive behavior
- help identify and provide role-play practice to establish more appropriate responses
- provide immediate positive feedback for acceptable behaviors
- role play
- use peer group situations
19
Q
Conduct disorder
A
- repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated
- physical aggression common
- causes disturbed peer relationships
20
Q
Dx of CD
A
- more common males vs females
- can progress to antisocial personality disorder
21
Q
CD predisposing factors
A
- genetics
- temperament
- neurobiological factors
- peer relationships/deviant peer groups
- family influences
22
Q
CD manifestations
A
- may include aggression to people and animals
- destruction of property
- deceitfulness or theft
- serious violation of rules
- lying
- lack of feelings of guilt or remorse
- use of tobacco, liquor or non-prescribed drugs
- participation in sexual activities early
- “tough guy” image
- low academic achievement
23
Q
Treatment of CD
A
- individual therapy
- redirect violent behavior with physical outlets
- encourage client to express anger
- medication as directed by HCP
