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GROSS ANATOMY 2 > Suboccipital Region > Flashcards

Suboccipital Region Flashcards

1
Q

What cutaneous nerves are present in the suboccipital space?

A
  • Lesser occipital
  • Greater occipital
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2
Q

What is the origin of the suboccipital nerve?

A

Post. ramus C1

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3
Q

What is the origin of the greater occipital nerve?

A

Post. ramus C2

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4
Q

What is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve?

A

Ant. rami C2-3

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5
Q

What is the course of the suboccipital nerve?

A

Runs between the cranium and C1 vertebra to reach suboccipital triangle

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6
Q

What is the course of the greater occipital nerve?

A

Emerges inferior to obliquus capitis inferior and ascends to posterior scalp

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7
Q

What is the course of the lesser occipital nerve?

A

Passes directly to skin

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8
Q

What does the suboccipital nerve innervate?

A

Muscles of suboccipital triangle

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9
Q

What does the greater occipital nerve innervate?

A

Skin over neck and occipital bone

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10
Q

What is the function of the lesser occipital nerve?

A

Skin of superior posterolateral neck and scalp posterior to external ear

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11
Q

Identify these muscles. picture

A

Splenius capitis (superior)
Splenius cervicis (inferior)

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12
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the splenius capitis?

A

Origin = ligamentum nuchae + C7-T3 spinous processes
Insertion = occipital bone and mastoid

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the splenius cervicis?

A

Origin = T3-T6 spinous processes
Insertion = C1-2 transverse processes

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14
Q

What innervates the splenius capitis and cervicis?

A

Post. rami C1-6

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15
Q

What is the function of the splenius capitis and cervicis?

A
  • Bilaterally extends neck and head
  • Unilaterally flexes and rotates to same side
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16
Q

What are these muscles? picture

A
  • Semispinalis capitis (superior)
  • Longissimus capitis (inferior)
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17
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semispinalis capitis?

A

Origin = C4-T7 transverse processes
Insertion = occipital bone between nuchal lines

18
Q

What is the function of the semispinalis capitis?

A
  • Extends cervical spine (both sides)
  • Bend to same side and rotates to opposite side (one side)
19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the longissimus capitis?

A

Origin = T1-3 plus C4-7 transverse processes
Insertion = mastoid process

20
Q

What is the function of the longissimus capitis?

A
  • Extends head
  • Flexes and rotates head to same side
21
Q

What innervates the semispinalis and longissimus capitis muscles?

A

Posterior rami

22
Q

Identify these muscles. picture

23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Origin = C2 spinous process
Attachment = inferior nuchal line

24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Origin = C1 posterior tubercle
Attachment = inferior nuchal line

25
Q

What innervates the rectus capitis posterior major and minor?

A

Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)

26
Q

What is the function of the rectus capitis posterior major and minor?

A
  • Extend head
  • Rotate to same side
27
Q

Identify these muscles. picture

28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the obliquus capitis superior?

A

Origin = C1 transverse process
Insertion = Occipital bone above inferior nuchal line

29
Q

What is the function of the obliquus capitis superior?

A
  • Extends head
  • Tilts head to same side
  • Rotates head to opposite side
30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

Origin = C2 spinous process
Insertion = C1 transverse process

31
Q

What is the function of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A
  • Extends head
  • Rotates head to same side
32
Q

What innervates the obliquus capitis superior and inferior?

A

Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami C1)

33
Q

What nerves are present in the suboccipital space?

A
  • Suboccipital (C1)
  • Greater occipital (C2)
  • C3 dorsal ramus
34
Q

What arteries are present in the suboccipital space?

A
  • Occipital artery from external carotid
  • Vertebral artery from subclavian
35
Q

Describe the journey of the vertebral arteries.

A
  • Branch of subclavian in root of neck
  • Ascend neck in foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra
  • Cross superior surface of C1 to enter foramen magnum
  • R and L vertebral arteries unite to form the basilar artery
36
Q

Describe the journey of the deep cervical vein.

A
  • Occipital veins run with the suboccipital nerve
  • Join the deep cervical vein
  • Deep cervical vein communicates with the vertebral veins and brachiocephalic vein
37
Q

Describe the vertebral venous system.

A

Many small veins communicating with each other

38
Q

What articulation is present between the occipital bone and C1?

A

Nodding movement

39
Q

Describe the articulation present between C1and C2.

A
  • Rotation at synovial pivot joint
  • Shaking head
40
Q

Identify the ligaments present in this diagram.

GROSS ANATOMY 2 (19 decks)

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