Plantar Surface of the Foot Flashcards
Name the bones of the foot
Describe the deep fascia of the plantar surface.
- Thick central portion
- Weaker medially and laterally
What forms the superficial ligament of the plantar aponeurosis?
Central portion of deep fascia
What is the proximal attachment of the plantar aponeurosis?
Calcaneous
How many bands does the plantar aponeurosis divide into distally?
5 bands
What are the 5 bands of the distal plantar aponeurosis continuous with?
Fibrous digital sheaths
What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
- Extensor digitorum brevis
- Extensor hallucis brevis
What is in the lateral compartment of the foot?
- Abductor digit minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
What is in the central compartment of the foot?
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Muscles associated with tendon of FDL
- Adductor hallucis
What is in the medial compartment of the foot?
- Abductor hallucis
- Flexor hallucis brevis
What is muscle 1?
Abductor hallucis
What is the origin and insertion of the abductor hallucis
Origin = Medial tubercle of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum
Insertion = Medial base proximal phalanx
What innervates the abductor hallucis?
Medial plantar nerve (S1-3)
What is muscle 2?
Flexor digitorum brevis
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum brevis?
Origin = medial tubercle of calcaneous
Insertion = middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes
What innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial plantar nerve (S1,2)
What is muscle 3?
Abductor digiti minimi
What is the origin and insertion of the abductor digiti minimi?
Origin = med. and lat. tubercle of calcaneous
Insertion = lat. base proximal phalanx
What innervates the abductor digiti minimi?
Lateral plantar nerve (S1-3)
What makes up layer 1 of the foot?
- Abductor hallucis
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Abductor digiti minimi
What makes up layer 2 of the foot?
- Long flexor tendons to the toes (FHL and FDL)
- Lumbricals
- Quadratus Plantae
What muscles are at *?
Lumbricals
What is the origin and insertion of the lumbricals?
Origin = Tendons of the flexor digiti longus
Insertion = medial side of dorsal tendon expansion
What innervates the lumbricals?
1st = medial plantar neve (S1,2)
2nd-4th = lateral plantar nerve (S2,3)
What muscle is this? (QP)
Quadratus plantae
What is the origin and insertion of the quadratus plantae?
Origin = med. and lat. surfaces of calcaneous
Insertion = lateral side of FDL tendon
What innervates the quadratus plantae?
Lateral plantar nerve (S1-3)
What makes up the 3rd layer of the foot?
- Flexor hallucis brevis
- Adductor hallucis
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
What is this muscle? (FHB)
Flexor hallucis brevis
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis?
Origin = Cuboid and lat. cuneiform
Insertion = both sides base proximal phalanx of hallux
What innervates the flexor hallucis brevis?
Medial plantar nerve (S1,2)
What is this muscle? (AdH)
Adductor hallucis
What is the origin of the 2 heads of the adductor hallucis?
Transverse head - Plantar ligament of MTP joints
Oblique head - Base metatarsals 2-4
What is the insertion of the adductor hallucis?
Lateral side base proximal phalanx of hallux
What innervates the adductor hallucis?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2,3)
What is this muscle *?
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Origin - base 5th metatarsal
Insertion - base proximal phalanx of 5th digit
What makes up the 4th layer of the foot?
- 3 plantar interossei
- 4 dorsal interossei
What is the attachment of the plantar interossei?
Bases and med. side of metatarsals 3-5 –> med. side of proximal phalanx of digits 3-5
What is the function of the plantar interossei?
Adduction
What is the attachment of the dorsal interossei?
Adjacent side of metatarsals 1-5 —> 1st on med. side proximal phalanx of 2nd digit/ 2nd-4th on lat. side proximal phalanx of 2nd-4th digits
What is the function of the dorsal interossei?
Abduction
