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GROSS ANATOMY 2 > Posterior Leg and Ankle Joint. > Flashcards

Posterior Leg and Ankle Joint. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common insertion for the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Posterior surface of the calcaneous via the tendocalcaneous

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2
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Gastrocnemius

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3
Q

What is the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius?

A

Popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle

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4
Q

What is the origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?

A

Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

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5
Q

What innervates the gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve (S1,2)

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6
Q

What is the function of the gastrocnemius?

A
  • Plantarflexes ankle
  • Flexes knee
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7
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Plantaris

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8
Q

What is the origin of the plantaris?

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

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9
Q

What innervates the plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve S1,2

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10
Q

What is the function of the plantaris muscle?

A

Assists plantarflexion of ankle

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11
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Soleus

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12
Q

What is the origin of the soleus?

A
  • Soleal line of tibia
  • Upper 1/3 posterior fibula
  • Tendinous arch between bony attachments
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13
Q

What innervates the soleus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve S1,2

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14
Q

What is the function of the soleus muscle?

A

Plantarflexes ankle joint

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15
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Popliteus

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16
Q

What is the origin of the popliteus?

A
  • Lateral condyle of femur
  • Lateral meniscus
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17
Q

What is the insertion of the popliteus?

A

Popliteal area of tibia

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18
Q

What innervates the popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve (L4,5,S1)

19
Q

What is the function of the popliteus?

A

Unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia

20
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

21
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

Posterior surface of tibia

22
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

23
Q

What innervates the flexor digitorum longus?

A

Tibial nerve (L5, S1,2)

24
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorum longus?

A
  • Flexes lateral 4 digits
  • Weak plantar flexion of the ankle
25
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Flexor hallucis longus

26
Q

What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

Posterior surface of fibula

27
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of hallux

28
Q

What innervates the flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial nerve (L5, S1,2)

29
Q

What is the function of the flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • Flexes hallux
  • Weak plantarflexor of ankle
30
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Tibialis posterior

31
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis posterior?

A
  • Posterior surface of tibia and fibula
  • Interosseous membrane
32
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior?

A
  • Tuberosity of navicular
  • Cuneiforms
  • Cuboid
  • Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
  • Base of 2-4 metatarsals
33
Q

What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve L4,5

34
Q

What is the function of the tibialis posterior?

A
  • Plantarflexes ankle
  • Inverts foot
35
Q

Medial to lateral arrangement of tendons at the ankle joint.

A
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
36
Q

Where does the flexor retinaculum attach?

A

Medial malleolus –> Calcaneous

37
Q

What forms the malleolar mortise?

A

Distal ends of tibia and fibula

38
Q

What does the malleolar mortise articulate with to form the ankle joint?

A

Trochlea of the talus

39
Q

What is the range of motion of the ankle joint?

A
  • 20-30 degrees dorsiflexion
  • 30-50 degrees plantarflexion
40
Q

What supports the ankle laterally and medially?

A

Strong collateral ligaments

41
Q

What are the 3 lateral collateral ligaments?

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

42
Q

Where does the anterior talofibular ligament attach?

A

Neck of talus

43
Q

Where does the posterior talofibular ligament attach?

A

Lateral tubercle of talus

44
Q

Where does the calcaneofibular ligament attach?

A

Lateral surface of calcaneous

GROSS ANATOMY 2 (19 decks)

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