Joints of the foot

Question 1

What is the function of the arches?

Answer 1

• Distribute weight
• Shock absorption
• Act as spring boards

Question 2

What supports the transverse arch?

Answer 2

• Tendon of tibialis posterior
• Tendon of peroneus longus
• Adductor hallucis
• Deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Question 3

What are the bones of the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 3

• Calcaneus
• Cuboid
• Metatarsals 4&5

Question 4

What are the bones of the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 4

• Calcaneus
• Talus
• Navicular
• Cuneiforms
• Metatarsals 1-3

Question 5

Which arch is higher; lateral or medial?

Answer 5

Medial

Question 6

What provides the longitudinal arch with dynamic support?

Answer 6

• Intrinsic muscles of foot
• Flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor digitorum longus

Question 7

What provides the longitudinal arch with passive support?

Answer 7

• Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
• Short plantar ligament
• Long plantar ligament
• Plantar aponeurosis

Question 8

Describe weight distribution in the foot.

Answer 8

Weight distributed equally between calcaneus and heads of metatarsals

Question 9

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

Answer 9

Plane synovial

Question 10

What makes up the subtalar joint?

Answer 10

• Talus
• Calcaneus

Question 11

What ligaments are present in the subtalar joint?

Answer 11

• Medial, lateral, interosseous and posterior talocalcaneal ligaments

Question 12

What do the ligaments in the subtalar joint support?

Answer 12

• Weak capsule
• interosseous ligament especially strong

Question 13

What makes up the transverse midtarsal joints?

Answer 13

• Talocalcaneonavicular joint
• Calcaneocuboid joint

Question 14

Describe the talocalcaneonavicular joint.

Answer 14

• Talocalcaneal part = plane synovial
• Talonavicular part = ball and socket

Question 15

Describe the calcaneocuboid joint.

Answer 15

Plane synovial

Question 16

What is the attachment of the bifurcate ligament?

Answer 16

Calcaneus –> navicular and cuboid

Question 17

What is the attachment of the dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament?

Answer 17

Calcaneus –> cuboid

Question 18

What is the attachment of the long plantar ligament?

Answer 18

Calcaneus –> cuboid and metatarsals

Question 19

What is the attachment of the short plantar ligament?

Answer 19

Calcaneus –> cuboid

Question 20

What is the attachment of the spring ligament?

Answer 20

Calcaneus –> navicular

Question 21

What movements are permitted by the subtalar and talocalcaneal part of talocalcaneonavicular joints?

Answer 21

Inversion and eversion

Question 22

What movements are permitted by midtarsal joints?

Answer 22

• Augments inversion and eversion
• Forefoot and midfoot rotate on hindfoot at midtarsal joint under talus

Question 23

What makes up the tarsometatarsal joints?

Answer 23

• Anterior tarsal bones
• Bases of metatarsals

Question 24

What is the function of tarsometatarsal ligaments?

Answer 24

Dorsal, plantar and interosseous ligaments bind the bones together

Question 25

What type of joints are the metatarsophalangeal joints? (MTP)

Answer 25

Synovial condyloid

Question 26

What is the function of the MTP joints?

Answer 26

• Flexion/extension
• Adduction/abduction

Question 27

What type of joint are interphalangeal joints? IP

Answer 27

Synovial hinge joints

Question 28

What is the function of IP joints?

Answer 28

Flexion and extension