Joints of the foot Flashcards
What is the function of the arches?
- Distribute weight
- Shock absorption
- Act as spring boards
What supports the transverse arch?
- Tendon of tibialis posterior
- Tendon of peroneus longus
- Adductor hallucis
- Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
What are the bones of the lateral longitudinal arch?
- Calcaneus
- Cuboid
- Metatarsals 4&5
What are the bones of the medial longitudinal arch?
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Navicular
- Cuneiforms
- Metatarsals 1-3
Which arch is higher; lateral or medial?
Medial
What provides the longitudinal arch with dynamic support?
- Intrinsic muscles of foot
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Flexor digitorum longus
What provides the longitudinal arch with passive support?
- Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- Short plantar ligament
- Long plantar ligament
- Plantar aponeurosis
Describe weight distribution in the foot.
Weight distributed equally between calcaneus and heads of metatarsals
What type of joint is the subtalar joint?
Plane synovial
What makes up the subtalar joint?
- Talus
- Calcaneus
What ligaments are present in the subtalar joint?
- Medial, lateral, interosseous and posterior talocalcaneal ligaments
What do the ligaments in the subtalar joint support?
- Weak capsule
- interosseous ligament especially strong
What makes up the transverse midtarsal joints?
- Talocalcaneonavicular joint
- Calcaneocuboid joint
Describe the talocalcaneonavicular joint.
- Talocalcaneal part = plane synovial
- Talonavicular part = ball and socket
Describe the calcaneocuboid joint.
Plane synovial
What is the attachment of the bifurcate ligament?
Calcaneus –> navicular and cuboid
What is the attachment of the dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament?
Calcaneus –> cuboid
What is the attachment of the long plantar ligament?
Calcaneus –> cuboid and metatarsals
What is the attachment of the short plantar ligament?
Calcaneus –> cuboid
What is the attachment of the spring ligament?
Calcaneus –> navicular
What movements are permitted by the subtalar and talocalcaneal part of talocalcaneonavicular joints?
Inversion and eversion
What movements are permitted by midtarsal joints?
- Augments inversion and eversion
- Forefoot and midfoot rotate on hindfoot at midtarsal joint under talus
What makes up the tarsometatarsal joints?
- Anterior tarsal bones
- Bases of metatarsals
What is the function of tarsometatarsal ligaments?
Dorsal, plantar and interosseous ligaments bind the bones together
What type of joints are the metatarsophalangeal joints? (MTP)
Synovial condyloid
What is the function of the MTP joints?
- Flexion/extension
- Adduction/abduction
What type of joint are interphalangeal joints? IP
Synovial hinge joints
What is the function of IP joints?
Flexion and extension
