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GROSS ANATOMY 2 > Anterior Triangle of the Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

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2
Q

What forms the anterior border of the anterior triangle?

A

“Imaginary” midline of the neck

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3
Q

What forms the posterior border of the anterior triangle?

A

Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

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4
Q

What forms the base of the anterior triangle?

A

Mandible

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5
Q

What are the divisions of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Submental
  • Submandibular
  • Carotid
  • Muscular
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6
Q

What lies in the submental division?

A
  • Submental lymph nodes
  • Beginning of anterior jugular vein
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7
Q

What lies in the submandibular division?

A
  • Submandibular salivary glands
  • Submandibular lymph nodes
  • Facial artery + vein
  • Carotid sheath
  • Hypoglossal nerve
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8
Q

What lies in the carotid division?

A
  • Carotid sheath
  • Branches of external carotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Hypoglossal, accessory, and vagus nerves
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9
Q

What lies in the muscular division?

A
  • Sternohyoid and sternothyroid form floor where thyroid gland lies
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Oesophagus
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10
Q

What is this muscle? picture

A

Platysma

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11
Q

What is the origin of the platysma?

A

Fascia above pect. major and clavicle

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12
Q

What is the insertion of the platysma?

A
  • Lateral neck
  • Mandible
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13
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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14
Q

Where does the external jugular vein lie?

A

Anterior to sternocleidomastoid
(posterior triangle)

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15
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein lie?

A

Posterior to sternocleidomastoid
(anterior triangle)

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16
Q

What makes up the cervical plexus?

A

Anterior rami C1-4

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17
Q

Describe the cervical plexus/

A
  • Joined loops
  • Lie anterior to levator scapulae and scalenus medius
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18
Q

What covers the cervical plexus?

A

Pre-vertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

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19
Q

What type of innervation does the cervical plexus provide?

A
  • Somatic motor and sensory
  • Sympathetic
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20
Q

What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus?

A

C1 - lesser occipital
C2 - great auricular
C3 - transverse cervical
C4 - supraclavicular

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21
Q

What are the motor branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  • Nerve to SCM
  • Nerve to levator scapulae
  • Nerve to trapezius
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Nerve to sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • Nerve to thyrohyoid
  • Nerve to geniohyoid
22
Q

Define suprahyoid.

A

Between hyoid bone and skull/mandible

23
Q

Define infrahyoid.

A

Between hyoid bone and sternum/thyroid cartilage

24
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles. picture

A
25
Q

What is the function of the mylohyoid and digastric muscles?

A

Raise hyoid bone/depress mandible

26
Q

What innervates the stylohyoid and the posterior belly of digastric muscle?

A

Facial nerve

27
Q

What innervates the anterior belly of digastric and the mylohyoid?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CNV3)

28
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles. picture

A
29
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Depress hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage

30
Q

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • Thyrohyoid innervated by C1 via hypoglossal nerve CNV12)
31
Q

What makes up the common carotid artery?

A
  • Left carotid artery from arch of aorta
  • Right carotid artery from the brachiocephalic
32
Q

What are the terminal branches of the common carotid artery?

A
  • Internal carotid artery
  • External carotid artery
33
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

Brain

34
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A
  • Head
  • Face
  • Neck
35
Q

The common carotid artery lies in a sheath with what else?

A
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerve
36
Q

What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery in the anterior triangle (superior to inferior)

A
  • Facial artery
  • Lingual artery
  • Superior thyroid artery
37
Q

What is the tenth cranial nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

38
Q

What branches of the vagus nerve supply the muscles of the larynx?

A
  • Left recurrent laryngeal
  • Right recurrent laryngeal
39
Q

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

A

Endocrine

40
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Regulates metabolic rate

41
Q

What are the features of the thyroid gland?

A
  • 2 lobes
  • Isthmus
  • Capsule
42
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

From lamina of thyroid cartilage to 6th tracheal ring

43
Q

Where is the isthmus located?

A

Over 2nd or 3rd tracheal ring?

44
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

Posterior surface of the thyroid gland

45
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the thyroid gland?

A
  • Superior thyroid artery
  • Inferior thyroid artery
  • One of each on both sides
46
Q

What is the superior thyroid gland a branch of?

A

First anterior branch of the external carotid artery

47
Q

What is the inferior thyroid gland a branch of?

A

Branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

48
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid gland.

A
  • Superior thyroid vein
  • Middle thyroid vein
  • Inferior thyroid vein
  • On both sides
49
Q

What do the inferior thyroid veins drain into?

A
  • Both L and R drain into the left brachiocephalic vein
50
Q

Describe the position of the submandibular salivary gland.

A
  • Inferior to mylohyoid
  • Part in floor of mouth superior to mylohyoid
51
Q

Where do the ducts of the submandibular salivary gland open?

A

Between first and second lower incisor (either side of frenulum)

52
Q

What innervates the submandibular salivary gland?

A

CNV 7 (facial nerve)

GROSS ANATOMY 2 (19 decks)

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