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GROSS ANATOMY 2 > Pelvic Floor and Wall > Flashcards

Pelvic Floor and Wall Flashcards

1
Q

FEATURES OF THE INNOMINATE BONE

A
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2
Q

What type of joint is that lumbosacral joint?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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3
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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4
Q

FEATURES OF THE SACRUM

A
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5
Q

What do the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments form?

A
  • Greater sciatic foramen
  • Lesser sciatic foramen
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6
Q

What type of joint is at the anterior sacroiliac ligament?

A

Synovial joints

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7
Q

What type of joint is at the posterior sacroiliac ligament?

A

Fibrous

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8
Q

What type of joint is at the posterior sacroiliac ligament?

A

Fibrous

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9
Q

Identify this muscle.

A

Iliacus

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10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the iliacus?

A

Origin = Iliac fossa
joins psoas = iliopsoas
Insertion = lesser trochanter of femur

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11
Q

What is the function of the iliacus muscle?

A

Hip flexion

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the iliacus muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

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13
Q

Identify this muscle.

A

Psoas

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14
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the psoas muscle?

A

Origin = T12-L4 bodies and IV discs (superficial) and L1-5 (deep)
Insertion = Lesser trochanter of femur

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15
Q

What is the function of the psoas muscle?

A
  • Hip flexion
  • Bend trunk laterally
  • Raise trunk from supine position
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16
Q

What is the innervation of psoas muscle?

A

Lumbar plexus direct branches L2-4 ant. rami

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17
Q

Identify this muscle.

A

Obturator internus

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the obturator internus?

A

Origin = inner surface of obturator membrane
Insertion = medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

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19
Q

What is the function of the obturator internus muscle?

A

Lateral rotation of the hip

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus direct from sacral plexus (L5,S1)

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21
Q

Identify this muscle.

A

Piriformis

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22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the piriformis?

A

Origin = pelvic surface of sacrum
Insertion = greater trochanter of femur

23
Q

What is the function of the piriformis muscle?

A

Lateral rotation of the hip joint

24
Q

What is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?

A

Nerve to piriformis direct branch of sacral plexus (S1,2)

25
Q

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Muscular floor to prevent prolapse

26
Q

What 2 muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • Levator ani
  • Coccygeus
27
Q

Identify this muscle.

A

Coccygeus

28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Origin = ischial spin and sacrospinous ligament
Insertion = coccyx and inferior sacrum

29
Q

What is the function of the coccygeus?

A
  • Support pelvic viscera
  • Flexion of the coccyx
30
Q

What is the innervation of the coccygeus?

A

Direct branches from sacral plexus (S4,5)

31
Q

What happens when the levator ani relaxes?

A
  • Urination
  • Defecation
32
Q

What are the levator ani muscles?

A
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Iliococcygeus
33
Q

What is the pubococcygeus divided into?

A
  • Puborectalis
  • Levator prostatae (males)
  • Pubovaginalis (females)
34
Q

Identify the coccygeus, iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus in this diagram.

A
35
Q

Describe the pubococcygeus in males.

A
  • Most medial fibres pass around prostate
  • Insert into perineal body
    (levatore prostatae)
36
Q

Describe the pubococcygeus in females.

A
  • Most medial fibres pass around vagina
  • Insert into perineal body
    (pubovaginalis)
37
Q

What innervates the pubococcygeus?

A
  • Motor innervation from pudendal nerve
  • Nerve to levatore ani
38
Q

Describe the puborectalis.

A
  • Fibres mix wit ext. and int. anal sphincter
  • “sling” around rectum to help with faecal continence
39
Q

What innervates the puborectalis?

A
  • Pudendal nerve S2-4
  • Nerve to levatore ani (S4)
40
Q

Where does the iliococcygeus attach? (tendinous arch of levatore ani)

A
  • Fascia of the obturator internus
  • Anococcygeal body/ligament/levator plate
41
Q

What innervates the iliococcygeus?

A
  • Pudendal nerve
  • Nerve to the levator ani
42
Q

What makes up the perineal body?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

43
Q

What attaches to the perineal body?

A
  • Levator prostatae
  • Pubovaginalis
  • External anal sphincter
  • Perineal muscles
44
Q

Where is the parietal pelvic fascia located and what does it form?

A
  • Covers internal wall
  • Thickened over obturator internus to form tendinous arch of pelvis
45
Q

What does the parietal pelvic fascia form anteriorly in males?

A

Puboprostatic ligament

46
Q

What does the parietal pelvic fascia form anteriorly in females?

A

Pubovesical ligament

47
Q

What is the function of the visceral pelvic fascia?

A
  • Covers organs
48
Q

Where do the parietal and visceral fascia blend?

A

As organs pierce the pelvic floor

49
Q

What is the paracolpium?

A

Lateral extension of visceral fascia from vagina to tendinous arch

50
Q

What is the function of endopelvic fascia?

A

Acts as packing material around organs

51
Q

What are the 2 types of endopelvic fascia?

A
  • Loose
  • Condensed
52
Q

What is the function of loose endopelvic fascia?

A

Fills spaces in the pelvis

53
Q

What is condensed endopelvic fascia?

A

Thickenings of the fascia

54
Q

What is the primary condensation of condensed endopelvic fascia?

A

Hypogastric sheaths running along posterolateral walls of pelvis

GROSS ANATOMY 2 (19 decks)

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